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Pulmonology - OMS 2 > Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Catalase positive is (staph or strep); catalase negative is (staph or strep).

A
  • staph
  • strep
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2
Q

weakly acid-fast indicates which two microbes?

A
  • actinomyces
  • nocardia
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3
Q

which 2 gram-positive bacilli is an endospore-former?

A
  1. bacillus
  2. clostridium
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4
Q

Which gram-positive bacilli is non-endospore forming and regularly shaped?

A
  1. listeria
  2. erysipelothrix
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5
Q

Which 2 bacterial microbes infect the trachea?

tracheitis

A

S. aureus
B. pertussis

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6
Q

Which bacterial microbes cause abscesses?

A
  1. bacteriodes
  2. fusobacterium
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7
Q

Which bacterial microbes cause pneumonia?

A
  1. pneumoniae (S, K, M)
  2. H. influenza
  3. P. aeuginosa
  4. S. aureus
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8
Q

Which bacterial microbes are superantigens?

A

S. pyogenes
M. pneumoniae

(myocplasma)

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9
Q

How does S. pyogenes cause anergy

A

M protenes bind to MHC II –> stim T cells w/VB8 TCR sequences

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10
Q

Define quinsy

A

painful abscess around tonsils

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11
Q

Define Pastia’s lines

streptococcal pharyngitis

A

dark red lines in creases/skin folds

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11
Q

A

A

D

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12
Q

Acute rheumatic fever is caused by what?

3 weeks post strep pyogenes infection

A

Antibodies to s. pyogenes that mimic epitopes on human collagen

complication of s. pyogenes

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13
Q

How do you distinguish moraxella catarrhalis from Neisseria

gram - diplococci, fastidious

A

moraxella has a butyrate esterase

tributyrin positive (right image: clearing)

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14
Q

which bacterial microbe causes “walking pneumonia”?

A

M. pneumoniae

mycoplasma

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15
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia key clues

A
  1. no cell wall
  2. walking pneumonia
  3. cold agglutinins
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16
Q

Damage from Mtb is caused by what?

A

your immune system

no toxins involved

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17
Q

Which bacterial microbe causes yellow-colored conolines in the presence of light?

A

mycobacterium kansasii

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18
Q

Where is mycobacterium kansasii typically seen?

geographic location

A
  1. ilinois
  2. oklahoma
  3. texas

(similar in presentation, dx testing and tx)

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19
Q

How does legionella pneumophila infect cells?

A

lodge in alveoli => phagocytosed by MF => MF invasion potentiator (Mip) => multiplies => released when MF dies

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20
Q
A

L. pneumophila

buffered charcoal yeast agar

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21
Q

What distinguishes legionella in laboratry testing?

A

BYE

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22
Q

Since chlamydia pneumoniae is grown in cells, how do you test for it (2)?

A
  1. PCR
  2. immunofluoresence
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23
Q

Chlamypsittacidia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacteria. What is the active and inactive form?

A

elementary = infectious
reticulate = reproductive form (binary fission)

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24
What distinguishes C. psittaci from other respiratory pathogens?
disseminates to spleen and liver
25
Tx for C. psittaci
doxycycline
26
Key virulence factor for yersinia pestis?
Yops: impair phagocytosis
27
Y. pestis forms which type of appearance on gram stain?
bipolar gram staining ("safety pin")
28
3 forms of y. pestis
1. 2 inter-related 2. epidemiologic cycles 1. sylvatic
29
Why is it concerning when Y.pestis gets into the lungs?
it is now transmissible to other people | (potential bioweapon; death within days)
30
Actinomycetes nocardia
31
How do you catch nocardia?
1. inhalation of aerosolized particles 1. open wound | (NOT person-person)
32
How does Nocardia evade phacocytosis?
1. disrupts acidification of phagosomes 1. resisting oxidative burst
33
mycoplasma pneumonia distinguishing symptoms
dry cough for months
34
Strep throat
35
What is the difference between scarlet fever and rheumatic fever?
scarlet = infected w/s.pyogenes that has been infected by bacteriophage rheumatic = complication of strep throat
36
Both scarlet & rheumatic fever present with rashes. How are they different?
scarlet = sandpaper-like rheumatic = pink splotches (erythema marginatum)
37
scarlet fever presentation
1. strawberry tongue 1. sand paper-like rash 1. pastia's lines
38
Which bacterial microbe has LPS and OMV (outer membrane vesicles) as virulence factors?
M. Catarrhalis | (OMVs bud out and carry B-lactamase, LPS, adhesins)
39
Which 2 microbes have a "fried egg" appearance?
1. Y. Pestis 1. M. Catarrhalis
40
Mycoplasma pneumonia | note "fried egg" appearance
41
Why does mycoplasma pneumoniae present with a dry cough?
mucociliary escalator inihibited | P1 adhesion molecule binds to sialic acid on epithelial cells
42
Which bacterial microbe releases ROS (reactive oxygen species), leading to inflammation and damage to host cells? | hydrogen peroxide & superoxide
Mycoplasm
43
Which 2 bacterial infection may require surgical excision?
m. avium m. scrofulaceum | both form yellow colonies in light or dark w/in 2 weeks
44
Which symptoms distinguish M. *avium-intracellular *complex from *M. tb*?
diarrhea (other symptoms are the same as Mtb: night sweats, weight loss, f/c | (legionalla also causes diarrhea)
45
M. avium intracellular complex is diagnosed by which 3 tests?
1. blood culture 1. DNA probes 1. PPD negative (Mtb is positive)
46
Which 3 bacterial microbes cause respiratory disease that is mostly seen in children?
1. M. pneumoniae 1. M. scrofulaceum 1. S. pyogenes (scarlet)
47
Which bacterial microbe causes cervical lyph node enlargement that is painless but may ulcerate?
M. Scrofulaceum
48
What is the best way to dx Legionella pneumophila?
direct fluorescent antibody smears + infected tissue | must acquire via bx or broncheolalveolar lavage (not in sputum)
49
Which species of Chlamydia infect the respiratory tract? | trachomatis = genital
1. psittaci 1. pneumoniae
50
Which 2 bacterial microbes cause "walking pneumonia"?
1. mycoplasma pneumoniae 1. chlamydia pneumoniae
51
Describe the course of symptomatic C. pneumoniae infection | most cases are asymptomatic (walking pneumonia)
pharyngitis/laryngitis, followed by pneumonia/bronchitis 3 weeks later | cough persists for weeks
52
Chlamypsittacidia psittaci is aka
parrott fever
53
Chlamypsittacidia psittaci (aka parrot fever) s/sx
1. flu-like sx 1. hepatosplenomegaly | (dry cough, muscle ache, f/c, HA) ## Footnote bird are asymptomatic
54
Chlamypsittacidia psittaci (aka parrot fever) transmission
inhaling excreta (dust or secretions) of birds (close contact w/birds) | linked to cat or livestock resevoir
55
Chlamypsittacidia psittaci pathogenesis
focal necrosis of liver and spleen --> disseminate to lungs --> edema --> mucous plugging of small airways | (can lead to anoxia)
56
C. psittaci dx
1. complement fixation = 4 fold 1. immunofluorescence microscopy confirms
57
Prevention of C. psittaci
tx infected imported birds w/chlortetracyline hydrochloride
58
What are the key clues to Y. Pestis (black plague) virulence
YOPs | yersinia outer-membrane proteins ## Footnote plasmid encodes type III secretion system
59
Describe the colonies of Y. pestis
grey-white or yellow and opaque; "fried egg" appearance
60
3 forms of Y. pestis
1. urban (fleas/rats) 2. sylvatic (fleas/prairy dog) | urban --> transmitted by respiratory droplets
61
What is the main difference between bubonic plague and pneumonic plague presentation? | both cause pneumonia
bubonic plague: internal organ hemmorhage + buboes
62
What is the difference between bubonic and pneumonic plague transmission
pneumonic: y. pestis person-person respiratory droplets bubonic: flea bite (also transmitted to others through droplets)

Pulmonology - OMS 2 (28 decks)

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