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Pulmonology - OMS 2 > ENT Infections Part 2 > Flashcards

ENT Infections Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

HIV associated lesions and their microbial cause

A
  1. thrush: candida
  2. leukoplakia: EBV
  3. kaposi sarcome: HHV-8/KSHV
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2
Q

microbial cause?

A

HHV6

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3
Q

aphthous ulcer is found on which type of tissue?

A

non-keratinized mucosa (Buccal, labial mucousa, not gingiva or palate)

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4
Q

tx: aphthous ulcer

A
  1. topical & topical steroid
  2. thalidomide (recurrent cases - HIV)
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5
Q

define noma or cancrum oris

A

non-infectious oro-facial gangrenous stomatitis

involves bone

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6
Q

acute necrotizing gingivitis may precipitate which condition?

A

noma or cancrum oris

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7
Q

2 MC microbes that cause noma/cancrum oris

A
  1. fusobacterium
  2. prevotella intermedia
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8
Q

noma/cancrum oris tx

A
  1. nutritional therapy
  2. abx: penicillin
  3. surgery
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9
Q

herpangina is caused by which virus?

A

Enterovirus (coxsackie or echo)

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10
Q

season for herpangia?

A

summertime

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11
Q

Coxsackie A causes which condition?

A

hand foot & moutht

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12
Q

Herpetic stomatitis (HSV-1) 3 clinical forms

A
  1. recurrent small blisters (MC)
  2. oral infection (primary herpetic stomatitis)
  3. smsll ulcers (palatal mucosa; rare)
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13
Q

pharyngitis sx if infected w/HSV or enterovirus

A

vesicles or ulcers
(other sx: fever, sore throat, odynophagia, lymphadenopathy)

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14
Q

MC microbes that cause pharyngitis (8)

A
  1. S. pyogenes
  2. adeno
  3. rhino
  4. entero
  5. flu
  6. RSV
  7. coxsackie
  8. moraxella catarrhalis
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15
Q

mild pharyngeal symptoms w/rhinorrhea suggests a _______ etiology

A

viral

runny nose is NOT seen w/bacterial

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16
Q

exudative pharyngitis or pharyngitis + rash suggests which etiology?

A
  1. EBV
  2. HIV
17
Q

diphtheria is a normal flora, how do people get infected?

A

toxin w/phage infects bacteria

18
Q

if you suspect which microbes fro pharyngitris you need to request special culture media?

A
  1. neisseria
  2. diphtheria

seriologic for virus

19
Q

If you hear stridor (especially in children), what is the next step?

A

r/o epiglottitis or FB w/xray

20
Q

Venous complications of pharyngitis

A

jugular vein thrombosis

21
Q

incidence of epiglottitis

A
  1. winter
  2. spring
22
Q

epiglottitis is usually of _______ etiology

A

bacterial

23
Q

epiglottitis sx (5)

A
  1. muffled cough
  2. hoarseness
  3. cherry red epiglottis
  4. retractions
  5. drooling

(fever & sore throat)

24
Q

ddx: epiglottitis (4)

A
  1. croup
  2. FB
  3. angioedema
  4. abscess (retropharyngeal, peritonsillar)
25
Q

predominant immune cell in epiglottitis

A

PMN

26
Q

MC cause of epiglottitis in unvaccinated children

A

H. influenza B

27
Q

3 MC bacterial microbes that cause epiglottitis

A
  1. S. aureus
  2. S. pneumoniae
  3. S. pyogenes
28
Q

MC cause of laryngitis

A

viral

29
Q

laryngitis sx (3)

A
  1. hoarseness
  2. aphonia
  3. rhinitis or pharyngitis

(exudate in diph, GAS, EBV)

30
Q

if laryngitits (hoarsness) persists beyond 2 weeks, what is the next step?

A

laryngoscopy

31
Q

Non-infectious causes of laryngitis

A
  1. GERD
  2. tumor
  3. overuse
  4. chemical irritant

you won’t see signs of infection

32
Q

What condition is caused by a subglottic inflammation and edema?

A

croup

33
Q

MC location of croup

A

upper respiratory tract

34
Q

MC age group affected by croup

A

6 mo - 6 yrs

(MC 2 yrs)

35
Q

Croup is MC caused by _________ etiology

A

viral

36
Q

Croup sx

A
  1. brassy cough
  2. hoarsness
  3. stridor
  4. rhinorrhea

(rhinorrhea is first sx)

37
Q

Croup is almost always caused by which virus?

A

parainfluenza

(flu & RSV also)

38
Q

Croup on physical exam (4)

A
  1. stridor
  2. ronchi
  3. crepitations/wheezing
  4. diminished breath sounds

Pulmonology - OMS 2 (28 decks)

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