Fungal infections Flashcards
fungal infections epidemiology
- immune compromise
- geographic region (recent travel)
Pneumocystic carinii (aka pneumocystis jirovecii) is diagnosed by (4)
- BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage)
- transbronchial biopsy
- Tracheal aspirate
- pleural fluid
Pneumocystis jirovecii (or carinii) is identified by which lab tests (3)?
- giemsa
- methaenamine silver stain
- fluorescent Ab
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) transmission
respiratory droplets
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) infective state? reproductive?
- cyst forms
- trophic forms (trophozoite & precyst)
precyst contains infectie spores
Which fungi has chitin in its cell wall?
p. jirovicii
which fungi is the most virulent?
c. immitus
which 3 fungi that infect the lung are dimorphic?
- c. immitus
- h. capsulatum
- blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis are endemic to which geographical regions?
- San Joaquin, CA
- Maricopa, Pima Counties of AZ
- Southwestern TX
low rainfall, airid climate
C. immitus characteristics
- mold form barrel-shaped arthroconidia
- spherules with endospores
Erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum and arthritis can be seen in allergic reaction to which fungi?
c. immitus
C. immitus infects by which route?
inhaled, small enough to avoid immune cells in upper airway
Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic to which 3 areas
- ohio
- mississippi
- missouri
areas w/high nitrogen in soil
why is histoplasmosis called cave disease?
bat and bird guano is abundant and people who go into caves are exposed to H. capsulatum
H. capsulatum progession of disease
- inhalation of microconidia in areas contaminated with bird and/or bat droppings
- microconidia phagocytosed by macrophages in pulmonary parenchyma