Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

fungal infections epidemiology

A
  • immune compromise
  • geographic region (recent travel)
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2
Q

Pneumocystic carinii (aka pneumocystis jirovecii) is diagnosed by (4)

A
  1. BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage)
  2. transbronchial biopsy
  3. Tracheal aspirate
  4. pleural fluid
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3
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii (or carinii) is identified by which lab tests (3)?

A
  1. giemsa
  2. methaenamine silver stain
  3. fluorescent Ab
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4
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) transmission

A

respiratory droplets

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5
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) infective state? reproductive?

A
  • cyst forms
  • trophic forms (trophozoite & precyst)

precyst contains infectie spores

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6
Q

Which fungi has chitin in its cell wall?

A

p. jirovicii

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7
Q

which fungi is the most virulent?

A

c. immitus

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8
Q

which 3 fungi that infect the lung are dimorphic?

A
  1. c. immitus
  2. h. capsulatum
  3. blastomyces dermatitidis
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9
Q

Coccidioides immitis are endemic to which geographical regions?

A
  1. San Joaquin, CA
  2. Maricopa, Pima Counties of AZ
  3. Southwestern TX

low rainfall, airid climate

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10
Q

C. immitus characteristics

A
  1. mold form barrel-shaped arthroconidia
  2. spherules with endospores
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11
Q

Erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum and arthritis can be seen in allergic reaction to which fungi?

A

c. immitus

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12
Q

C. immitus infects by which route?

A

inhaled, small enough to avoid immune cells in upper airway

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13
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic to which 3 areas

A
  1. ohio
  2. mississippi
  3. missouri

areas w/high nitrogen in soil

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14
Q

why is histoplasmosis called cave disease?

A

bat and bird guano is abundant and people who go into caves are exposed to H. capsulatum

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15
Q

H. capsulatum progession of disease

A
  1. inhalation of microconidia in areas contaminated with bird and/or bat droppings
  2. microconidia phagocytosed by macrophages in pulmonary parenchyma
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16
Q

H. capsulatum key dx feature

A
  1. macroconidia by latex agglutination
  2. Enzyme immuno assay (EIA) in blood
17
Q

H. capsulatum infectious form

A

microconidia: infectious form

18
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans characteristics

A

Heavily encapsulated yeast

19
Q

Which fungi is found in soil and pigeon droppings?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

20
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is dx by which 2 lab tests ?

A
  1. detection of capsule using India Ink stain
  2. ELISA: serological tests to detect cryptococcal capsular antigen
  3. cultures: sabouraud dextrose
21
Q

5 sx of cryptococcus infection

A
  1. SOB
  2. cough
  3. fever
  4. chest pain
  5. fever
22
Q

cryptococcus neoformans complications

A

CNS infection

23
Q

2nd MC fungal infection after candida

A

aspergillus (4 species)

24
Q

infectious process of aspergillosis

A

conidia inhaled –> germinate –> hyphae growth –> dissemination

25
Q

asperginllosis xray finding

A

fungus ball

26
Q

aspergillosis sx

A
  1. pneumonia like
  2. allergic reactions
27
Q

Aspergillosis can spread to which organs (4)?

A
  1. brain
  2. liver
  3. heart
  4. bone
28
Q

blastomycosis: aka, Gilchrist disease, Chicago disease is endemic to which 2 regions?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River basins

29
Q

2 forms of blastomyces dermatitidis

A

mycelial: soil
yeast: body

30
Q

blastomyces dermatitidis sx

A
  1. flu-like symptoms
  2. cough, weight loss, chest pain, fever
  3. -ulcerative skin and bone lesions (as it progresses)
31
Q

blastomycosis is identified with which lab finding?

A

methenamine silver stain: budding yeast cells

32
Q

disseminated blastomycosis may cause which conditions?

A