Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

How is `Hep A spread and what is its incubation period

A

Faecal oral

2-6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diagnostic test of Hep A

A

anti-HAV IgM

Acute infection- IgM reactive, unlikely if bilirubin is below 30

Past infection- IgM non reactive, IgG reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Route of Transmission of HBV

A

o Sexually transmitted
o Blood products
o Mother-to-Baby (vertical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chances of HBV causing a chronic infection

A

o Adults have a 5-10% chance of developing chronic infection
o Babies have a 95% chance of developing chronic infection
o Incubation period: 2-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Serology of HBV

A

Acute infection- HBsAg, antiHbc Igm
Chronic infection, HBsAg, antiHbc IgG
Vaccinated- AntiHbS
Past infection- AntiHbS, antiHbc IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consequences of HBV infection

A

o Hepatic fibrosis  cirrhosis  HCC
o Most common cancer associated = Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
o It tends to occur in diseased livers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chronic HBV Treatment

A

o Interferon Alpha (used in a subset of patients who look like they are clearing the virus by themselves)
Do not use in patients who may require a liver transplant
o Lamivudine
o Tenofovir
o Entecavir
o Emtricitabine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment to baby in a HBV positive mother

A

Hep Vaccine and HBIG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Test for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

AFP levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HDV infection types

A

HBC/HDV co-infection- similar to acute HBV, self limitng

If HBV infected and inoculated by HDV- superinfection- more severe can develop cirrhosis in 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chances of chronic infection in HCV

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HCV serology

A

HCV RNA is the best way to check whether you have the virus in your blood

Anti-HCV develop after acute infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of HCV

A

• Early treatment with interferon has a HIGH success rate

• NEW HCV drugs / Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) cures the majority (94%) of patients
o NS3/4 serine protease
o NS5a RNA
o NS5b RNA dependent RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is HEV spread

A

o Faecal-oral route (remember, fAEcal-oral)
 It is also a zoonosis – It can be transmitted from animals to humans (mainly pigs)
 Shellfish consumption, blood transfusion, sausages, pig liver consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Complications of HEV

A

o CNS Disease (Bell’s palsy, Guillain-Barre)
o Chronic infection
o Very dangerous to pregnant women (esp. in the third trimester)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of HEV

A

o Supportive Vaccine- Effective but not necessary in the UK
o Ribavirin

17
Q

Serology of HEV

A

o The acute infection is accompanied by a rise in IgM anti-HEV antibody
 HEV RNA detectable in serum and stool in incubation period