Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

Where are lymphomas found?

A

lymph nodes, bone marrow and/or blood (the lymphatic system)
lymphoid organs; spleen or the gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Skin (often T cell disease)

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2
Q

Why are lymphocytes prone to forming cancers

A

Lymphocyte: DNA molecules are 1) cut and recombined 2) subjected to deliberate DNA mutagenesis (somatic hypermutation)

Rapid cell proliferation in the germinal centre

Dependent on apoptosis

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3
Q

Presentation of HL

A
• Asymmetrical painless lymphadenopathy +/- obstructive/mass effect symptoms
• “B-symptoms”
• Pain in affected nodes after alcohol
• Nodes tend to be mediastinal /
cervical but not always
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4
Q

Investigations of HL

A

CT/PET. Tissue diagnosis: LN or BM biopsy - cells stain with CD15 & CD30
• Reed-Sternberg cell – bi-nucleate/multinucleate (‘owl eyed’) cell on a background
of lymphocytes & reactive cells

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5
Q

Ann Arbor staging

A

Stage 1 – one LN region (LN region can include spleen)
Stage 2 – two or more LN regions on the same side of the diaphragm Stage 3 – two or more LN regions on opposite sides of the diaphragm Stage 4 – extranodal sites (liver, BM)

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6
Q

Treatment of HL

A
Chemo- AVBD- 2-6 cycles
Adriamycin			
Bleomycin			
Vinblastine 	
DTIC	

Radiotherapy- risk of Breast cancer

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7
Q

What NHL are aggressive

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

T or B cell Lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma

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8
Q

What NHL are indolent

A
Small lymphocytic/CLL
Mucosa associated (MALT)
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9
Q

Histology of Burkitts

A

“Starry sky” appearance

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10
Q

Histology of DLBC

A

“Sheets of large lymphoid cells”

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11
Q

Treatment of NHL

A

Rituximab

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12
Q

Symptoms of Burkitts

A

Jaw effected in endemic- EBV associated

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13
Q

Histology of Mantle cell lymphoma

A

“Angular/ clefted nuclei”

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14
Q

Which NHL are treated with CHOP in combo with rituximab

A

Mantle and DLBC

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15
Q

What drugs are used in CHOP

A

Cyclophosphamide
Adriamycin
Vincristine
Prednisolone

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16
Q

Symptoms of MZL

A

Most commonly arise in stomach, usually present with epigastric pain, ulceration or bleeding

17
Q

What is Enteropahy Associated T cell lymphoma

A

T cell NHL seen in patients with Coeliac disease
mature T cells (not precursor)
Involving small intestine Jejunum and Ileum
Has an aggressive nature

Causing abdo pain, bleeding