Antimicrobials Flashcards
Gram stain results and meaning
o Positive is PURPLE- one cell membrane with peptidoglycan outer layer
o Negative is NAGENTA- 2 cell membrane with peptidoglycan in-between and lipposacchurides on outside
Gram positive Cocci
Staph- coagulase +- aureus, - epidermis and strep
Gram Negative Bacilli
A Actinomyces (branching) B Bacillus (cereus, athracis) C Clostridium (difficile, perfringens, botulinum, tetani) D Diphtheriae (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) L Listeria
Broad Spectrum Meds
These Meds Can Cover T Tazocin (Piperacillin/Tazobactam) M Meropenem C Co-amoxiclav C Ciprofloxacin
Resistant mechanisms to antibiotics
Bypass Enzymes (beta-lactamases) Accumulation impaired (tetracyclines) Target modified (MRSA)
Which antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Glycopeptides
Which antibiotics interrupt protein synthesis
Chloramphenicols Oxazolidnones Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Macroloides
Which AB inhibit DNA synthesis
Fluoroquinilones
Nitroimidazoles
Which AB inhibit RNA synthesis
Rifamycin
Which AB inhibit folate synthesis
Sulfonamides
Diaminopyrimidines
What types of microbes are b lactase effective against
Penicillin- +
Cephs- as generation increases more negative
Carbs- wide spectrum
What types of microbes are vancomycin effective against
MRSA, C diff
What types of microbes are aminoglycosides effective against
Gram - sepsis
What types of microbes are tetracyclines effective against
Intracellular- chlamydia
What types of microbes are macrolides effective against
Gram + usually PCN allergy