Fundamentals of Histology

Question 1

What cells are associated With acute and late inflammation

Answer 1

Neutrophils- acute
Macrophages- lat/chronic
Lymphocytes- chronis

Question 2

What is a granuloma

Answer 2

Organised collection of activated macrophages- specialised for secretion

Question 3

Which stain to identify TB

Answer 3

Ziehl-Neelsen stain to identify acid-fast organisms like mycobacterium

Question 4

What is a carcinoma

Answer 4

Malignant tumour of the epithelial cells

Question 5

Types of carcinomas and their features

Answer 5

Squamous cells- keratin production, intracellular bridges
Adenocarcinoma- glands (crypts), mucin production
Transitional Cell- multi-layered

Question 6

Site of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 6

Skin, head and neck, top oesophagus, cervix, vagina, anus

Question 7

Site of adenocariconoma

Answer 7

Lung, breast, stomach, bottom oesophagus, colon, pancreas, sweat glands

Question 8

Site of transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 8

Bladder, ureter

Question 9

Types of stains and what are they

Answer 9

1. Histo-chemical
   Chemical reaction between stain and specific component of tissue
2. Immuno-histochemical
   Use specific antibodies to identify specific antigen in tissue

Question 10

Most common histochemical stain to visualise cells

Answer 10

Haematoxylin and eosin stain

Question 11

What is used to identify haemochromatosis

Answer 11

Prussian blue iron stain

Question 12

What is used to identify amyloid

Answer 12

Congo red stain

Question 13

What immunohisto stain is used to test. for lymphoid cells

Answer 13

CD45

Question 14

What immunohisto stain is used to test for epithelial marker to determine where a cancer is from

Answer 14

Cytokeratin: CK