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VETM 551 > viral diseases > Flashcards

viral diseases Flashcards

1
Q

viral diseases sources

A

pets, wild animals, biological contaminants, humans

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2
Q

health surveillance programs

A

resident animal sampling, soiled bedding sentinels, environmental sampling

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3
Q

resident animal sampling advantages/disadvantages

A

collect samples from members of the group
advantages- avoid external sentinels, no lag time
disadvantages- animals in IVC cages, challenges selecting animals

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4
Q

soiled bedding sentinels

A

externally sourced animal exposed to bedding (delayed, indirect)
advantages-allows monitoring in immunocompromised colonies, SPF colonies
disadvantages- can introduce new infections, not all agents will be transmitted, higher cpst, high euths

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5
Q

environmental sampling advantages/disadvantages

A

advantages- reliable, good detection, high Se/Sp, 3Rs

disadvantages- false +ve, cost

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6
Q

serology

A

MFIA, ELISA
detects immune response, highly Sp, persist for life
cheap, one blood sample

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7
Q

PCR

A

detects infectious agent, highly Sp
good for immunodeficient, incoming quarantine animals, agents that persist in tissues

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8
Q

pooled samples

A

reduced cost, needs good Se, need to individually retest

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9
Q

prevention

A

no rodent pets
test biologicals
control wild rodents
sterilize supplies
quarantine new animals

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10
Q

ucalgarys import requirements

A

description of facility
facility hx for the past yr
-ve serology 3m
parasitology 3m
biological inj documentation
certification from vet

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11
Q

considerations for +ve test

A

confirm +ve, determine source
change biosecurity
tell stakeholders
determine action (impact of agent, tx, resources)
reevaluate institution measures

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12
Q

treatment

A

allow burnout, treat, or cull
depop-> restocking, rederivation

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13
Q

isolation of +ves vs depopulation

A

isolation- study continues, less animal loss, but more expensive, higher biosecurity, high risk

depop- eliminates infection but w high loss, cost, disrupts studies

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14
Q

rederivation

A

transfer embryos to pathogen free surrogates, (washed embryos). takes 12 wks, $$$

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15
Q

sendai virus C/S, pathology, dx, tx

A

paramyxovirus-mice rats hamsters
transmission via resp, aerosol
C/S- lethal for neonates, hunched posture, dyspnea, wasting syndrome (immunocompromised)
pathology- lung consolidation, pleural adhesions broncho/interstitial pneumonia on histo
dx- serology, histopath, PCR
tx- self limiting, cull if immunocompromised

research complication- immunosuppression, infection, death

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16
Q

rat sialodacryoadenitis transmission, C/S, path, dx, tx

A

coronavirus- aerosol, direct contact, transplacental in GP
C/S- conjunctivitis preweaning, adults-> cervical swelling, eye.nasal dc, corneal ulcers, chromodacryorrhea
path- rhinitis, tracheitis,
dx- serology, PCR, histopath
tx- burnout 6-8wks, depopulation
complications- impairs nerve regeneration, alters resp research

17
Q

GP adenovirus

A

resp transmission
C/S- sudden death, dyspnea
path- necrotizing bronchiolitis
dx- serology, histo
tx- source from SPF, surveillance

18
Q

reovirus

A

mice rats hamsters GP
fecal oral transmission, direct contact
C/S- abd distension, oily coat, icterus, tremors, paralysis
path- red distended intestines, bright yellow contents, big liver, lung hemorrhage
dx- serology, PCR
tx- depopulation
complications- mortality, CV/GI/neuro research

19
Q

rotaviru

A

mice rats rabbits
fecal oral transmission
C/S- bloat, fecal staining, perianal dermatitis, d+
dx- serology
tx- depop
complications- immune and GI

20
Q

mousepox/ectromelia

A

transmission- direct contact
C/S- acute death, chronic- skin lesions throughout body, feet/tail necrosis
path- epidermal ulcderation, white foci on spleen/liver. histo necrosis
dx- serology, PCR, histo
tx- screening, test biological, depopulate

21
Q

rabbit pox viruses (myxomatosis, shope fibroma, rabbit pox)

A

aerosol transmission, arthropods
C/S myxomatosis- SC masses, edema, mucopurulent dc, death
shope- self limiting flat SC masses
pox- fever, nasal dc, eye ulcers/dc
path- myxomas, fibromas, nodules in organs w necrosis
dx- PCR serology
tx- vx in UK

22
Q

parvo

A

mice, rats, hamsters
C/S- subclinical, rats dyspnea
hamsters- tooth loss, discolouration, d+, ataxia
path- varies w strain
dx- serology, PCR
tx-repopulation
changes immune responses

23
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis

A

arenavirus- mice hamsters GP primates
direct transmission
C/S- subclinical unless in utero- wasting disease
path- lymphocytic choriomeningitis on histo, vasculitis
dx- serology, PCR
tx- screening, depopulation
complications- zoonotic, immune system

24
Q

hantavirus

A

wild rodents
direct/indirect transmission
C/S- asymptomatic in rodents. humans- fever, chills, nausea, v+/d+
shortness of breath-> death
dx- serology, PCR
tx- exclude wild rodents, test biologicals, depopulate
zoonotic

25
Q

mouse hepatitis virus

A

coronavirus- direct transmission, aerosol
C/S- subclinical unless young/immunocompromised- polytropic wasting, enterotropic
dx- serology, PCR
tx- surveillance
complications- impacts immune system

26
Q

murine adenovirus

A

direct contact transmission (urine, feces, nasal dc)
C/S- subclinical mostly, lethargy, wasting, death
path- multisystemic necrosis (neonates), IN inclusions in adrenals/SI
dx- serology PCR
tx- pest control, screening

27
Q

polyomavirus

A

mice hamsters
resp transmission
C/S mice- subclinical in adults, tumours, neuro signs, wasting in neonates
hamsters- trichoepitheliomas in adults, lymphoma in juveniles
path- epithelial tumours
dx- serology PCR
tx- testing biologicals, depopulation
complications- shortened lifespan

28
Q

mouse norovirus (calicivirus)

A

fecal oral transmission
C/S- subclinical mostly, or d+, wasting, death
path- hepatitis, peritonitis, interstitial pneumonia
dx- serology, PCR
tx- not typically excluded

29
Q

theilovirus

A

picornavirus
fecal oral transmission
C/S- subclinical, flaccid paralysis HL
path- demyelinating lesions
tx- screening, test biologicals, depopulation
complications- nervous system, immune system

30
Q

RHD (calicivirus)

A

direct transmission (secretions)
C/S- peracute death, neuro/resp signs, epistaxis, death
path- pulmonary hemorrhage, hepatitis w necrosis
dx- serology, histopath
tx- depopulation
reportable

VETM 551 (7 decks)

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