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5-SA-Haematology and Oncology > Viral disease of the lymphoid system > Flashcards

Viral disease of the lymphoid system Flashcards

1
Q

Define immunocompromised

A

any aspect of host defences is deficient

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2
Q

define immunosuppressed

A

immune defences are specifically impaired

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3
Q

define immunodeficient

A

bodys immune response is compromised or absent

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4
Q

List 4 ways in which viruses can enter a cell

A

Utilisation of naturally occurring and useful receptors on the cell surface.
endocytosis
direct injection (bacteriophages)
fusion of the envelope (some enveloped viruses)

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5
Q

How does canine distemper virus cause disease

A

infects a number of cells but causes destruction of lymphocytes- so immune system becomes badly infected

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6
Q

How is canine distemper virus transmitted

A

oro-nasal infection- inhalation of aerosol
then spreads to other haemopoitetic organs

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7
Q

How does canine parvovirus 2 cause disease

A

tropism for fast dividing cells (GI tract crypts, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue)-
destruction of white blood cells precursors within bone marrow- so will have very low WBC

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8
Q

How does Feline Panleukopenia Virus cause disease

A

tropism for fast dividing cells (GI tract crypts, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue)-
destruction of white blood cells precursors within bone marrow- so will have very low WBC count

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9
Q

what are the different sub-types of Feline Leukaemia Virus

A

4 subtypes
A, B, C and T – all closely related antigenically

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10
Q

how is Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) transmitted

A

transmitted through mutual grooming and rarely through bites
doesn’t last long in the environment

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11
Q

List 3 risk factors for Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)

A

young age
increased population density
poor hygiene

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12
Q

what can happen when cat gets infected with Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)

A

Abortive infection- cat eliminates the virus
OR
progressive infection
OR
Regressive infection

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13
Q

describe what happens in regressive Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) infection

A

virus replication controlled prior to or shortly after bone marrow infection

So cat aint infective to others but if becomes immunocompromised virus could reactivate and cat can become infective

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14
Q

describe what happens in progressive Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) infection

A

persistent vireamia and high risk or FeLV-related disease

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15
Q

T/F regressive Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) become progressive

A

True
the cat wont become ill but will see antigens in the cats blood

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16
Q

What would you see on FeLV point of care Ag screening in abortive infection

A

Ag-
PCR -

17
Q

What would you see on FeLV point of care Ag screening in progressive infection

A

Ag +
increased PCR +
reduced lifespan

18
Q

What would you see on FeLV point of care Ag screening in regressive infection

A

Ag-
decreased PCR+

OR

Ag+
PCR-

19
Q

How is Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) transmitted

A

via deep wounds inoculation with saliva- related to aggressive behaviour
kittens born to persistently infected queens- rarely infected but antibodies may be present

19
Q

How does Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) cause immunodeficiency

A

Infects CD4+ T lymphocytes ( T helper cells) which are crucial for humoral and cell-medicated immunity.

19
Q

what cats are at risk of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

A

Promiscous (unneutered)
old
male
stray (free-ranging)

20
Q

List the clinical signs of acute phase Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

A

transient mild fever
anorexia
lymphadenopathy

21
Q

List what can happen in the clinical phase of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

A

functional immunodeficiency may develop in some cats (doesn’t occur in all cats)
increased risk of :
- secondary infections
- immune-mediated disease
- neoplasia

22
Q

If you see Gingivostomatitis what could it suggest that the cat has

A

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

23
Q

what aged cats does Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIP) tend to affect

A

weaning age
>10 yrs old

24
Q

List the 2 forms of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIP)

A

effusive (wet FIP)
non-effusive (dry FIP)

25
Q

where do you tend to see problems with effusive FIP

A

any body cavity including pleural and pericardial cavities, as well as abdominal cavity.

26
Q

where do you tend to see non-effusive form of FIP

A

usually ocular and neurological presentations.

27
Q

what causes the effusion in effusive FIP

A

due to multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis (pyogranulomatous vasculitis)

28
Q

what is antibody-dependent enhancement

A

potential for exacerbation of the disease by pre-existing antibodies
important in FIP

29
Q

Can you cure FIV

A

No

30
Q

how long can it take for FIV disease to cause disease

A

weeks to years

31
Q

why should shelters test for FeLV and FIV

A

as they can spread fast and cause lifelong severe disease

5-SA-Haematology and Oncology (9 decks)

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