Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5-SA-Haematology and Oncology > Diseases of the myeloid and lymphoid system > Flashcards

Diseases of the myeloid and lymphoid system Flashcards

1
Q

What does myeloid mean

A

derived from bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does lymphoid mean

A

derived from lymph tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is lymphoma

A

cancer of the lymph nodes or lymph tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List some myeloid cells

A

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
monocytes
macrophages
erythrocytes
thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list the lymphoid cells

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 6 common stimuli that can trigger the immune system

A

physiologic leukocytosis - fight or flight
physiologic stress
iatrogenic antigenic stimulation - vaccines
inflammation
infection
parasites/ FBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the stress leukogram cell response

A

neutrophilia
lymphopaenia
monocytosis
eosinopaenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in what condition will you not see a stress leukogram in dogs

A

Addisions disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do you not see stress leukograms in Addison’s

A

insufficient cortisol is being produced to stimulate a stress response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is reactive hyperlapsia

A

LN enlarges as part of the immune response to lymphatic drainage from an affected site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the most useful method for assessing a lymph node

A

FNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why are inconclusive results common on FNA of submandibular LNs

A

because you can very easily hit the salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is chyle

A

mix of lymph and chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are chylomicrons

A

lipids absorbed from intestine and transported via lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 3 ways in which chylous effusions can occur

A

rupture - trauma
obstruction of thoracic duct or other major lymphatic vessel
often idiopathic - site of leak not always determined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most common treatment of a chylothorax and chyloabdomen

A

surgical closure of the thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is lymphangiectasia

A

dilation of intestinal lymphatics and subsequent loss of chyle into the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the ways in which lymphagiectasia can occur

A

idiopathic
congenital
acuired obstruction (neoplasia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how can lymphangiectasia lead to Protein losing enteropathy

A

chyle is lost into the lumen of the intestines and this leads to a loss of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how can lymphangiectasia be managed

A

low- fat diet +/- immunosuppressives (e.g. prenisolone)

21
Q

how can we investigate lymphangiectasia

A

the best way is via intestinal biopsy

22
Q

why is endoscopic biopsy better than surgical biopsy in cases of lymphangiectasia

A

low albumin is associated with a risk of wound dehiscence - this makes surgical biopsies prone to complications

23
Q

what would you see on biochem and haematology in lymphangiectasia cases

A

hypocholesterolaemia
hypoalbuminaemia
lymphopaenia

24
Q

what might we need in order to diagnose a myeloid disease

A

bone marrow aspirates

25
Q

what is aplastic anaemia

A

failure of bone marrow to produce enough cells - low RBCs, WBCs and platelets

26
Q

List 3 non-neoplastic things that can cause aplastic anaemia

A

toxicity
adverse drug reactions
infections

27
Q

what is the first cell that will decrease in numbers in aplastic anaemia

A

neutrophils, shortly followed by platelets

28
Q

what is myeloid leukaemia

A

myeloid stem cells become cancerous

29
Q

what is polycythaemia vera

A

An excess of red blood cells in the circulation - due to myeloid leukaemia

30
Q

List 3 neoplasias of myeloid cell origin

A

mast cell tumour
histiocytoma
transmissible venereal tumour

31
Q

what cells are involved in histiocytomas

A

macrophages

32
Q

are histiocytomas usualy malignant or benign

A

benign

33
Q

why must you be careful when diagnosing a histiocytoma and advising owners to leave it

A

it could possibly be a mast cell tumour

34
Q

list 5 breeds that are prone to mast cell tumours

A

BOXERS
labradors
golden retrievers
Staffies
boston terriers
pugs

35
Q

List 3 things thta make mast cell tumours very bad

A

variability of grades
locally invasive
risk of degranulation

36
Q

what does a high grade Mast cell tumour mean

A

it may spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen or bone marrow

37
Q

what margins do you need to take for high grade Mast cell tumours

A

3 cm margins and 1-2 fascial planes deep

38
Q

what do we mean by an MCTs risk of degranulation

A

mass histamine release can lead to anaphylaxis - this mass release can occur due to handling

39
Q

what do we need in order to grade an MCT

A

histopathology

40
Q

what characterises a MCT as high grade

A

High mitotic index
multinucleated cells
atypical nuceli
ansiokaryosis - cells varialy shaped

41
Q

Decsribe how mast cell tumours are treated

A

surgery
can do chemotherapy, palliative care or alongside surgery

42
Q

what are tyrosine kinase inhibitors

A

inhibit TK - a protein involved in cellular proliferation

43
Q

List 2 types of feline mast cell tumours

A

cutaneous form
visceral form

44
Q

what is a plasmacytoma

A

tumour of plasma cells

45
Q

what are the 2 types of lymphoma

A

B-cell
T-cell

46
Q

what type of lymphoma may be able to be surgically resected

A

T zone ‘indolent’ lymphoma - only present in one lymph node

47
Q

what can be the consequence of insufficient neutrophils

A

the animal will be very susceptible to infection

48
Q

how is transmissible venereal tumour spread

A

during mating

49
Q

can transmissible venereal tumours be treated

A

yes with chemotherapy

5-SA-Haematology and Oncology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions