Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5-SA-Haematology and Oncology > Blood groups and transfusion medicine > Flashcards

Blood groups and transfusion medicine Flashcards

1
Q

what blood groups can cats have

A

A
B
AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of antibodies does type A feline blood carry

A

Naturally occurring weak anti-type B antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of antibodies does type B feline blood carry

A

Naturally occurring very strong anti-type A antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what cats must be blood typed prior to a transfusion

A

all cats- even in an emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What will giving type A blood to a type B cat result in

A

intravascular haemolysis of type A blood within seconds of transfusion
May be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What will giving type B blood to a type A cat result in

A

extravascular haemolysis
PCV will fall to pre-transfusion levels within days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does feline neonatal isoerythrolysis occur

A

Type A or AB kitten born from type B queen
Anti A antibodies transfer from colostrum while <24 hrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of antibodies does type AB feline blood carry

A

carries no antibodies against type A or B antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the signs of feline neonatal isoerythrolysis in a kitten

A

Red/Brown urine
Jaundice
Anaemia
Sudden death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What blood type should the donor dog be if giving an untyped transfusion reaction

A

DEA 1 NEGATIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F Dogs do have pre-formed antibodies against non-self canine blood types

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What patients should DEA 1 positive blood only be given to and why

A

DEA 1 positive patient
Prevent sensitizing a DEA 1 NEGATIVE dog to DEA 1 antigen
Reduce chance of delayed haemolytic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if DEA 1 POSITIVE blood is given to a sensitised DEA negative dog

A

acute haemolytic transfusion reaction (potentially fatal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a major cross match detect

A

Assesses compatibility between donor red blood cells and patient plasma/serum

most important type of cross match

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does a minor cross match detect

A

Assesses compatibility between donor plasma/serum and patient RBCs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is cross matching required in dogs

A

if recipient has been previously transfused >4d prior
history of previous transfusion reaction
transfusion history unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List 4 indications for a blood transfusion

A

evidence of circulatory collapse
rapid drop in PCV to <20% in dog or <15% in cats
absolute PCV of <20%
signs of specific organ hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Within how many hours of collection must fresh whole blood be used

A

8 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List 3 things that fresh whole blood contains that stored whole blood doesn’t

A

platelets
WBCs
Liable clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 2 situations where whole blood is indicated for

A

acute blood loss
active bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how long can packed red blood cells be stored in the fridge

A

42 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the difference between fresh frozen plasma and frozen plasma

A

fresh frozen plasma froze within 24hrs of collection
liable and non-liable clotting factors (only non-liable in FP)
shelf life of 1 yr (FP shelf life= 5 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What patients are PRBCs indicated for

A

patients developing clinical signs of low tissue oxygenation due to anaemia

24
Q

what patients is FFP indicated for

A

patients with coagulopathies

25
Q

what patients is FP indicated for

A

toxicities causing coagulopathies
Haemophilia B

26
Q

what can FFP be further processed into

A

Cryoprecipitate
Cryosupernatant

27
Q

what concentrated labile clotting factors does cryoprecipitate contain

A

Fibrinogen
Factor 8
vWF

28
Q

what does cryoprecipitate tend to be used for

A

pre-treatment for vWD deficiency

29
Q

List the products that cryosupernatant contain

A

plasma proteins: albumin
Vitamin K dependent clotting factors: II, VII, IX, X

30
Q

List 4 advantages of autologus transfusion

A

reduces potential for exposure to allogenic blood
reduced risk of new infectious diseases
reduces chance of transfusion reactions
immediate availability

31
Q

List 7 donor criteria for dogs

A

Fit and healthy
1-8 yrs old
>25kg
never travelled abroad
vaccinated
good temperament
not on any medication

32
Q

what is performed before taking donor blood from a dog

A

full physical health check
Haematology and biochemistry ( minimal PCV/TS)
blood typing

33
Q

how much blood is collected from canine donors

A

450mls

34
Q

List 4 criteria for feline donors

A

healthy
1-8 yrs old
>4kg lean BW
preferably indoor cat?

35
Q

what is performed before taking donor blood from a cat

A

full physical exam
haematology and biochemistry (minimal PCV/TS)
FeLV/FIV test if outdoor cat
blood typing

36
Q

what sedation is commonly used on feline donors

A

ketamine and midazolam combo

37
Q

how much blood is collected from feline donors

A

11-13ml/kg

38
Q

what is added to the blood in a 60ml syringe in feline blood donor harvesting

A

CPD (A)

39
Q

How many mls/kg of whole blood to raise PCV by 1%

A

2ml

40
Q

how many mls/kg of PRBCs to raise PCV by 1%

A

1ml

41
Q

within how long of starting the transfusion should unit of blood or blood product be administered

A

4hrs

42
Q

to what PCV should you transfuse to

A

25-30%

43
Q

what does of plasma products should be given

A

20ml/kg

44
Q

how often should patient parameters be checked when transfusing

A

every 5 ins for first 30 mins
then every 15-30mins

45
Q

what is the calculation to work out volume to transfuse

A

volume to transfuse = (target PCV – recipient PCV)/donor PCV x kg x N
N= 90 for dogs
N= 60 for cats

46
Q

what is the definition of a transfusion reaction

A

any undesirable effect noted as a consequence of a blood product transfusion

47
Q

What should transfusions not be administered down the same line as

A

any solutions containing Ca or glucose

48
Q

What are the two types of immunological transfusion reaction

A

haemolytic and non-haemolytic

49
Q

List 6 clinical signs that indicate a transfusion reaction

A

increase in temperature
change in RR/HR
change in MM colour
Visible oedema
GI signs

50
Q

How should an acute (intravascular) haemolytic reaction be treated?

A

stop transfusion
IV fluids
+/- corticosteroids

51
Q

How are transfusion reactions avoided?

A

Blood typing
Cross matching
Appropriate donor screening
Correct collection, preperation, storage and administration of products

52
Q

What is the general therapeutic plan for a transfusion reaction?

A

Stop transfusion
Clinical exam
Supportive treatment
Check blood typing or cross matching
Check bag for evidence of lysis

53
Q

List the two types of haemolytic immunological transfusion reaction

A

acute and delayed

54
Q

List the two types of non-haemolytic transfusion reactions

A

febrile and acute hypersensitivity

55
Q

Describe febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

A

acute platelet and WBC hypersensitivty

56
Q

Describe acute hypersensitivity non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

A

anaphylactic

57
Q

Describe non-immunological transfusion reactions

A

not mediated through immune mechanisms - circulatory overload, bacterial contamination, hypothermia, citrate toxicity, dilutional coagulopathy, disease transmission

5-SA-Haematology and Oncology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions