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5-SA-Haematology and Oncology > Oncology 2 > Flashcards

Oncology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what clinical signs would you expect to see in a dog with splenic haemangiosarcoma

A

haemoabdomen
collapse
bleeding abnormalities
abdominal pain

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2
Q

what are the most common neoplastic causes of pericardial effusions in dogs

A

cardiac haemangiosarcoma
chemodectoma

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3
Q

What neoplastic processes can cause paraneoplastic hypercalcemia

A

lymphoma
anal sac adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

what is the most common neoplasia that causes hyperviscosity via excessive globulin production

A

multiple myeloma

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5
Q

name 2 clinical signs you could see in a male dog with hyperoestrogenism

A

bilateral flank alopecia
myelosuppression causing anaemia

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6
Q

which neoplasia is most commonly associated with the development of paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis

A

thymoma

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7
Q

define maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy

A

The highest dose of a medicine or treatment that will produce the desired effect without resulting in unacceptable side effects.

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8
Q

define metronomic chemotherapy

A

giving low doses of certain chemotherapeutic agents, with the intention of modifying the immune system and affecting the development of new blood vessels

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9
Q

which immunophenotype of lymphoma is more commonly seen in dogs

A

B cell lymphoma

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10
Q

What would you expect to be more commonly affected in a feline patient with lymphoma, lymph nodes or organs

A

organs

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11
Q

why do tumours get a centre of necrosis

A

blood vessels go to the growing rim of the tumour and the centre dies

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12
Q

Via what mechanism is it thought that pre-treatment with steroids reduces the responsiveness of lymphoma to chemotherapy

A

it induces upregulation of p-glycoprotein. P-glycoprotein is a drug exporter and so reduces the amount of chemotherapy that remains in the lymphoma cells, increasing drug resistance.

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13
Q

what are paraneoplastic syndromes

A

Symptoms that cannot be explained by the local or distant spread of the tumor commonly caused by substances released from the tumor or an immune response triggered by the tumor

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14
Q

List the 2 grading systems for MCTs

A

kiupel
patnaik

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15
Q

what is multiagent chemotherapy

A

using different chemicals that target different areas in order to create a well rounded chemotherapy plan

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16
Q

List the side effects of chemotherapy

A

affects rapidly dividing tissues
Bone marrow - neutrophils, RBCs, Platelets
fur/whiskers
GI tract

17
Q

why do we need a first stick catheter in order to give chemotherapy

A

otherwise the chemo agent can leak into the leg and cause necrosis - this can lead to loss of the leg

18
Q

what is extravasation

A

escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue

19
Q

why do we give cyclophosphamide with furosemide

A

cyclophosphamide can lead to sterile haemorrhagic cystitis - if we give with furosemide, it encourages urination and reduces the chances of cystitis

20
Q

what tumours are TKIs used for

A

TKI= tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mast cell tumours but can be used off license for other tumours

21
Q

List the side effects of TKIs

A

vomiting
diarrhoea
myelosuppression and PLN

22
Q

what is one type of cancer that always responds very well to chemotherapy

A

lymphoma

23
Q

which type of lymphoma is easier to treat, T cell of B cell

A

B cell lymphoma

24
Q

how many lymphoma stages are there

A

5

25
Q

List how to test for lymphoma

A

cytology
histopathology
flow cytometry
IHC= immunohistochemistry

26
Q

why is IHC used for lymphomas

A

it differentiates between B cell and T cell lymphoma on histopathology by staining for specific receptors

27
Q

why is flow cytometry used for lymphomas

A

it differentiates between B cell and T cell lymphoma on cytology

28
Q

why do we not give cats doxorubicin

A

it can cause severe renal issues

29
Q

why do you want to either commit to steroids or commit to chemotherapy

A

dogs treated with steroids before attempting chemotherapy have a worse prognosis

5-SA-Haematology and Oncology (9 decks)

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