Oncology 1 Flashcards
List the 3 main groups of tumour types
epithelial
mesenchymal
round cell
List the 2 ways that tumours can spread
blood
lymph
what are benign epithelial cell tumours
papilloma
what are malignant epithelial cell tumours called
squamous cell carcinoma
what are benign mammary gland tumours called
mammary adenoma
what are malignant mammary gland tumour
adenocarcinoma
what are benign cartilage tumours called
chondroma
what are malignant cartilage tumours called
chondrosarcoma
what are benign endothelial cell tumours called
haemangioma
what are malignant endothelial cell tumours called
haemangiosarcoma
what are benign skeletal muscle tumours called
rhabdomyoma
what are malignant skeletal muscle tumours called
rhabdomyosarcoma
what are benign smooth muscle tumours called
leiomyoma
what are malignant smooth muscle tumours called
leiomyosarcoma
what are malignant lymphocyte tumours called
lymphoma
what are benign plasma cell tumours called
plasmacytoma
can you have benign lymphocyte tumours
no
what are malignant plasma cell tumours called
plasmacytoma or multiple myeloma
what are benign histiocyte tumour called
histiocytomas
what are malignant histiocyte tumours called
histiocytic sarcoma
via what route do carcinomas predominantly metastasise
lymphatics
via what route do sarcomas predominantly metastasis
blood
List the 3 main methods for biopsying a mass
FNA
incisional biopsy
excisional biopsy
define tumour grade
features of the tumour on cytology or histopathology which allow predictions to be made about the tumour’s behaviour
List 5 features of a high grade tumour
high mitotic count
poorly differentiated
necrosis
locally invasive
cellular atypia
define tumour stage
size of a tumour and how far it has spread
what 3 features are needed for assessing tumour stage
T= Size and extent of the main tumour
N= number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer
M= whether the cancer has metastasized
why do you sometimes want to do an incisional biopsy instead of an excisional biopsy
so you can plan your surgery and plan your margins based off what type of tumour it is
why is your first surgery on a tumour so important
every time you cut into the tumour you disrupt the layers
where is the most common metastases site of MCTs
liver and spleen
what is lung digit syndrome
cats have a mass on their toe, with a primary tumour in their lungs - thought to be because they have extensive capillaries in their pads
why is grade more important for soft tissue sarcomas
they don’t really spread, so it is more important to understand their grade
List the 4 types of tumour excision
radical
curative intent
marginal
Cytoreductive
describe radical excision
entire compartment or structure containing mass is removed
describe curative intent excision
2-3cm lateral margins and one fascial plan deep is removed
describe marginal excision
removing all the mass within the pseudocapsule
describe cytoreductive excision
removing the bulk of disease within the pseudocapsule
