Oncology 1

Question 1

List the 3 main groups of tumour types

Answer 1

epithelial
mesenchymal
round cell

Question 2

List the 2 ways that tumours can spread

Answer 2

blood
lymph

Question 3

what are benign epithelial cell tumours

Answer 3

papilloma

Question 4

what are malignant epithelial cell tumours called

Answer 4

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

what are benign mammary gland tumours called

Answer 5

mammary adenoma

Question 6

what are malignant mammary gland tumour

Answer 6

adenocarcinoma

Question 7

what are benign cartilage tumours called

Answer 7

chondroma

Question 8

what are malignant cartilage tumours called

Answer 8

chondrosarcoma

Question 9

what are benign endothelial cell tumours called

Answer 9

haemangioma

Question 10

what are malignant endothelial cell tumours called

Answer 10

haemangiosarcoma

Question 11

what are benign skeletal muscle tumours called

Answer 11

rhabdomyoma

Question 12

what are malignant skeletal muscle tumours called

Answer 12

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 13

what are benign smooth muscle tumours called

Answer 13

leiomyoma

Question 14

what are malignant smooth muscle tumours called

Answer 14

leiomyosarcoma

Question 15

what are malignant lymphocyte tumours called

Answer 15

lymphoma

Question 16

what are benign plasma cell tumours called

Answer 16

plasmacytoma

Question 17

can you have benign lymphocyte tumours

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what are malignant plasma cell tumours called

Answer 18

plasmacytoma or multiple myeloma

Question 19

what are benign histiocyte tumour called

Answer 19

histiocytomas

Question 20

what are malignant histiocyte tumours called

Answer 20

histiocytic sarcoma

Question 21

via what route do carcinomas predominantly metastasise

Answer 21

lymphatics

Question 22

via what route do sarcomas predominantly metastasis

Answer 22

blood

Question 23

List the 3 main methods for biopsying a mass

Answer 23

FNA
incisional biopsy
excisional biopsy

Question 24

define tumour grade

Answer 24

features of the tumour on cytology or histopathology which allow predictions to be made about the tumour’s behaviour

Question 25

List 5 features of a high grade tumour

Answer 25

high mitotic count
poorly differentiated
necrosis
locally invasive
cellular atypia

Question 26

define tumour stage

Answer 26

size of a tumour and how far it has spread

Question 27

what 3 features are needed for assessing tumour stage

Answer 27

T= Size and extent of the main tumour
N= number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer
M= whether the cancer has metastasized

Question 28

why do you sometimes want to do an incisional biopsy instead of an excisional biopsy

Answer 28

so you can plan your surgery and plan your margins based off what type of tumour it is

Question 29

why is your first surgery on a tumour so important

Answer 29

every time you cut into the tumour you disrupt the layers

Question 30

where is the most common metastases site of MCTs

Answer 30

liver and spleen

Question 31

what is lung digit syndrome

Answer 31

cats have a mass on their toe, with a primary tumour in their lungs - thought to be because they have extensive capillaries in their pads

Question 32

why is grade more important for soft tissue sarcomas

Answer 32

they don’t really spread, so it is more important to understand their grade

Question 33

List the 4 types of tumour excision

Answer 33

radical
curative intent
marginal
Cytoreductive

Question 34

describe radical excision

Answer 34

entire compartment or structure containing mass is removed

Question 35

describe curative intent excision

Answer 35

2-3cm lateral margins and one fascial plan deep is removed

Question 36

describe marginal excision

Answer 36

removing all the mass within the pseudocapsule

Question 37

describe cytoreductive excision

Answer 37

removing the bulk of disease within the pseudocapsule