VIII. Movement of Gasses

Question 1

Function of Respiratory System

Answer 1

Brings O2 into the body

Carries CO2 out of the body

Question 2

How many aveoli per lung

Answer 2

300 million

750 square feet!!!

Question 3

Movement of gases

Answer 3

alveoli to blood (and vice versa)

Question 4

Dalton’s Law

Answer 4

In a mixture of gasses, each gas behaves as if others were not present, exerts its own pressure

Question 5

Partial Pressure

Answer 5

Pressure exerted by EACH INDIVIDUAL GAS

Question 6

2 ways to Transport Oxygen

Answer 6

Dissolved in Plasma 1.5%

Bound to hemoglobin 98.5%

Question 7

Release of Oxygen Hemoglobin

Answer 7

Releases in tissues where PO2 is low

Question 8

Maternal Hemoglobin

Answer 8

Binds more easily, gives up O2 to the fetus

Question 9

Factors that increase release of Oxygen from Hemoglobin

Answer 9

1. HIGH PCO2
2. Low pH
3. High temperature (from metabolism)
4. BPG

Question 10

Transport of CO2 (3 ways)

Answer 10

1. Dissolved in plasma 5%
2. Bound to hemoglobin 5%
3. As Bicarbonate 90% (carried in red blood cells and plasma)

Question 11

Increased CO2 in tissues causes

Answer 11

Formation of HCO3- + H+
H+ binds to hemoglobin and it releases )2
HCO3- diffuses out of RBC
4. Chloride ions move into RBC in exchange fo HC)3

Question 12

Chloride Shift

Answer 12

Increased CO2…. Chloride ions move into RBC

Increased O2 - Chloride moves OUT

Question 13

Increased O2 in Alveoli causes

Answer 13

Less H+ to bind to hemoglobin
REVERSES formation of carbonic acid
CO2 diffuses out of blood and into alveoli
Cl- moves out of red cell

Question 14

Impact of smoking

Answer 14

paralyzes cilia in bronchi, debris accumulates, bronchitis - hypertrophy of goblet cells, destruction of epithelial cells

Question 15

Emphysema

Answer 15

alveolar walls break down, lose elasticity, dont’ spring back and must work to exhale

Question 16

Quitting smoking

Answer 16

20 minutes - blood pressure decreases
8 hours - Oxygen levels return to normal
24 hours - heart attack risk decreases
48 hours - never endings start regrowing
3 months - circulation improves, lung function increases
9 months, shortness of breath decreases
1 year - excess risk of heart disease is cut in half
5 years - stroke risk same as nonsmoker
10 years - lung cancer risk drops in half
15 years - coronary disease same as nonsmokers, risk of death nearly the same as nonsmokers