Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Normal blood pH
7.35 - 7.45
Other systems that regulate pH -
Respiratory System - minutes
Chemical buffers of blood - seconds
Kidneys - hours-days
Blood buffers
Resist changes in pH
**Convert strong acids/bases to weak ones
Bind or release excess H+
Systems that control output of acids, bases or CO2
Urinary system
Respiratory System
Impact of CO2 on acidity
More Basic - release more CO2
More acidic - exhale less CO2
Four main blood-tissue buffers
Carbnoic Acid (Bicarbonate)
Phosphate
Hemoglobin
Proteins
Kidney Regulation timelines
SLOW - long-term
Kidney Regulation process
Regulated by nephron - secretes H+
Secretes or reabsorb HC)3-
Kidney Response to ACIDOSIS
H+ secreted, then excreted in urine
HCO3- formed in nephron, reabsorbed
HCO3 removes H+ from blood - MAKES MORE BAISC
Kidney response to ALKALOSIS
Less H+ secreted
Less HCO3 reabsoprtion
Excess HCO3 excreted in urine
More H+
More acidic
More HCO3-
More basic
Acidosis threshold
pH less than 7.35
Alkalosis threshold
ph more than 7.45
pH range that will kill you
below 7.0
above 7.7
Impacts of Acidosis
Depression of CNS
Coma + Death
K+ leaves cells
Acidosis - respiratory causes
Emphysema, pulmonary edema, medullary injuries
Anything that decreases movement of CO2 from blood to alveoli
Respiratory Acidosis compensation
Kidneys - increase H+ secretion
HCO3- reabsorption
Acidosis - metabolic causes
Loss in HCO3-
Diarrhea, kidney damage
Increase in H+
Ketosis-fat metabolism
Diabetes, fasting, starvation
Metabolic acidosis compensation
Hyperventilation (respiratory)
Impact of Alkalosis
Over excitability of CNS
increased synaptic transmission
Nervousness, spasms, convulsions
H+ diffuses out of cells
K+ goes in
Nerves, muslces overstimulated
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
High altitude, O2 lack
Anxiety
Kidney compensation for respiratory alkalosis
Decreased secretion of H+
Decreased reabsorption of HCO3-
Increased secretion of HCO3-
Metabolic causes of Alkalosis
Vomting - loss of H+
