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A&P II > V. Lymphatic System > Flashcards

V. Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Lymphatic Organs

A

Red Bone Marrow

Thymus

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2
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

A

Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic Nodules

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3
Q

Two types of tissues in spleen

A

White Pulp

Red Pulp

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4
Q

Lymph

A

Clear fluid, similar to plasma but contains less protein. Flows through lymphatic vessels. Tecnhically a connective tissue

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5
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Drain interstital fluid
Transport dietary lipids
Protect body against invasion/infection

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6
Q

How does lymphatic system work

A

Circulates fluid around body. Interconnected with the blood system

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7
Q

Types of lymphoid CELLS

A

T Cells
B Cells
Macrophages
Reticular Cells

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8
Q

T Cells

A

Originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus gland

Attack self cells that hvae been invaded

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9
Q

B cells

A

Originate AND mature in the bone marrow. Produce plasma cells & memory cells when they encounter an antigen. Memory cells circulate in the lymph and blood w/ capacity to produce additional antigens.

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

Enlarged monocytes (WBC) that engulf microbes and cellular debris

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11
Q

Reticular Cells

A

Fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins - network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.

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12
Q

Reticular Cells

A

Fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins - network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.

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13
Q

Three lines of defense against pathogens

A
  1. Physical and chemical barriers
  2. Nonspecific Resistance (innate immunity)
  3. Specific Resistance (Acquired immunity)
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14
Q

What is the difference between nonspecific resistance and immunity?

A

nonspecific resistance - target invaders in generalized way ie. phagocytic cells - ingest and destroy all microbes

immunity - relies on antigens

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15
Q

Antigen

A

protein that serve as a stimulus to produce an immune response

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16
Q

Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs

A 
redness
increased heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
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17
Q

Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs

A 
redness
increased heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
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18
Q

Types of nonspecific resistance

A

Phagocytic cells
Inflammation
Fever

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19
Q

Antigen

A

protein that serve as a stimulus to produce an immune response.
Specificity is when immune cells recognize and react with individual molecules (—) via direct molecular interactions

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20
Q

adaptive immunity

A

“memory” immunity . ***

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21
Q

3 characteristics of specific immunity

A

specificity
memory
tolerance

22
Q

Specifity

A

immune cells recognize and react with individual molecules (antigens) via direct molecular interactions

23
Q

Tolerance

A

is acquired inability to make an immune response to certain antigens by specific immunity

24
Q

Memory

A

is capacity to respond more quickly and vigorously after exposure to antigen by specific immunity

25
Q

Susceptibility

A

is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure

26
Q

Vulnerability

A

which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure.

27
Q

Two main lymphatic channels

A

Thoracic Duct

Right Lymphatic duct

28
Q

Antibodies

A

are produced by the body in response to a foreign invader or foreign proteins. For instance, a type A red cell has the A antigen, but no B antigen, but in the plasma there are Anti B antibodies.

29
Q

Antigens

A

these are substances that are found on animal cells, plant cells, or any foreign cell which can stimulate a reaction in a host. In the human body, they are often called “surface markers” to help our body recognize its own cells.

30
Q

Antigens

A

these are substances that are found on animal cells, plant cells, or any foreign cell which can stimulate a reaction in a host. In the human body, they are often called “surface markers” to help our body recognize its own cells.

31
Q

Spleen (function)

A
  1. Filters blood of pathogens and dead cells
  2. Site of Macrophages phagocytizing bacteria, and old RBC
  3. Stores and releases extra blood at times of need
32
Q

Thymus Gland (function)

A

Maturation of T Cells

atrophies with age

33
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

Bind pathogens, present them to lymphocytes

34
Q

Function of Lymph Nodes

A

Filter - Lymph passes through, immune cells remove and destroy antigens that pass through
Produce lympocytes

35
Q

Lymph Nodes definition

A

Masses of lymph nodes surrounded by connective tissue - concentrated in mammary glands, axillae + digestive area
Groin & Neck

36
Q

Lymphocyte Locations

A

Blood + Thymus gland
Spleen
Bone Marrow

37
Q

Hemocytoblasts form ____

A

form 2 types of stem cells
1. B + NK Cells - enter blood
B cells - enter blood go to lymph nodes & spleen
NK cells migrate through body
2. some go to thymus - form T Cells, which enter blood

38
Q

Route of lymph flow - 2 ducts

A

Right lymphatic duct (right upper body into R subclavian vein)

Thoracic duct
(left upper body into L subclavian vein)
Begins as cisterna chyli in abdomen, below diaphragm
39
Q

Route of lymph flow overall

A 
Lymphatic capillaries ->
Collecting vessels ->
Lymphatic trunks ->
2 collecting ducts ->
Subclavian veins
40
Q

Red Bone marrow (structure and function)

A

Soft, loosely organized tissue - PRODUCES ALL CLASSES OF FORMED elements of blood (color comes from erythrocytes)

41
Q

Thymus (structure and function)

A

Endocrine, lymphatic, and immune organ.

Houses lymphocytes and secretes hormones to regulate their activity.

42
Q

Lymph nodes (structure and function)

A

Throughout lymphatic system - contains macrophages which respond to antigens in the lymph. This is where it goes down.

43
Q

Tonsils (structure and function)

A

guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens

44
Q

Spleen (structure and function)

A

Largest lymphatic organ -
Erythrocyte graveyard
Macrophages phagocytize them
Also stabilizes blood volume- transfers excess plasma

45
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Extend into interstitial space - receive lymph through their walls

46
Q

Location of Lymphatic capillaries

A 
All body except:
Avascular tissues
CNS
Splenic Pulp
bone marrow
47
Q

Spleen function in fetus

A

Produces blood cells

48
Q

3 pairs of tonsils

A

Pharyngeal (behind nose)

Palatine x2 - back of the throat

49
Q

Location of thymus

A

Upper anterior of the chest, behind sternum between lungs

50
Q

Cancer of lymph nodes

A

lymphoma

A&P II (13 decks)

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