V. Lymphatic System Flashcards
Primary Lymphatic Organs
Red Bone Marrow
Thymus
Secondary Lymphatic Organs
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic Nodules
Two types of tissues in spleen
White Pulp
Red Pulp
Lymph
Clear fluid, similar to plasma but contains less protein. Flows through lymphatic vessels. Tecnhically a connective tissue
Function of lymphatic system
Drain interstital fluid
Transport dietary lipids
Protect body against invasion/infection
How does lymphatic system work
Circulates fluid around body. Interconnected with the blood system
Types of lymphoid CELLS
T Cells
B Cells
Macrophages
Reticular Cells
T Cells
Originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus gland
Attack self cells that hvae been invaded
B cells
Originate AND mature in the bone marrow. Produce plasma cells & memory cells when they encounter an antigen. Memory cells circulate in the lymph and blood w/ capacity to produce additional antigens.
Macrophages
Enlarged monocytes (WBC) that engulf microbes and cellular debris
Reticular Cells
Fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins - network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.
Reticular Cells
Fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins - network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.
Three lines of defense against pathogens
- Physical and chemical barriers
- Nonspecific Resistance (innate immunity)
- Specific Resistance (Acquired immunity)
What is the difference between nonspecific resistance and immunity?
nonspecific resistance - target invaders in generalized way ie. phagocytic cells - ingest and destroy all microbes
immunity - relies on antigens
Antigen
protein that serve as a stimulus to produce an immune response
Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs
redness increased heat swelling pain loss of function
Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs
redness increased heat swelling pain loss of function
Types of nonspecific resistance
Phagocytic cells
Inflammation
Fever
Antigen
protein that serve as a stimulus to produce an immune response.
Specificity is when immune cells recognize and react with individual molecules (—) via direct molecular interactions
adaptive immunity
“memory” immunity . ***
3 characteristics of specific immunity
specificity
memory
tolerance
Specifity
immune cells recognize and react with individual molecules (antigens) via direct molecular interactions
Tolerance
is acquired inability to make an immune response to certain antigens by specific immunity
Memory
is capacity to respond more quickly and vigorously after exposure to antigen by specific immunity
Susceptibility
is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure
Vulnerability
which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure.
Two main lymphatic channels
Thoracic Duct
Right Lymphatic duct
Antibodies
are produced by the body in response to a foreign invader or foreign proteins. For instance, a type A red cell has the A antigen, but no B antigen, but in the plasma there are Anti B antibodies.
Antigens
these are substances that are found on animal cells, plant cells, or any foreign cell which can stimulate a reaction in a host. In the human body, they are often called “surface markers” to help our body recognize its own cells.
Antigens
these are substances that are found on animal cells, plant cells, or any foreign cell which can stimulate a reaction in a host. In the human body, they are often called “surface markers” to help our body recognize its own cells.
Spleen (function)
- Filters blood of pathogens and dead cells
- Site of Macrophages phagocytizing bacteria, and old RBC
- Stores and releases extra blood at times of need
Thymus Gland (function)
Maturation of T Cells
atrophies with age
Dendritic Cells
Bind pathogens, present them to lymphocytes
Function of Lymph Nodes
Filter - Lymph passes through, immune cells remove and destroy antigens that pass through
Produce lympocytes
Lymph Nodes definition
Masses of lymph nodes surrounded by connective tissue - concentrated in mammary glands, axillae + digestive area
Groin & Neck
Lymphocyte Locations
Blood + Thymus gland
Spleen
Bone Marrow
Hemocytoblasts form ____
form 2 types of stem cells
1. B + NK Cells - enter blood
B cells - enter blood go to lymph nodes & spleen
NK cells migrate through body
2. some go to thymus - form T Cells, which enter blood
Route of lymph flow - 2 ducts
Right lymphatic duct (right upper body into R subclavian vein)
Thoracic duct (left upper body into L subclavian vein) Begins as cisterna chyli in abdomen, below diaphragm
Route of lymph flow overall
Lymphatic capillaries -> Collecting vessels -> Lymphatic trunks -> 2 collecting ducts -> Subclavian veins
Red Bone marrow (structure and function)
Soft, loosely organized tissue - PRODUCES ALL CLASSES OF FORMED elements of blood (color comes from erythrocytes)
Thymus (structure and function)
Endocrine, lymphatic, and immune organ.
Houses lymphocytes and secretes hormones to regulate their activity.
Lymph nodes (structure and function)
Throughout lymphatic system - contains macrophages which respond to antigens in the lymph. This is where it goes down.
Tonsils (structure and function)
guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens
Spleen (structure and function)
Largest lymphatic organ -
Erythrocyte graveyard
Macrophages phagocytize them
Also stabilizes blood volume- transfers excess plasma
Lymphatic capillaries
Extend into interstitial space - receive lymph through their walls
Location of Lymphatic capillaries
All body except: Avascular tissues CNS Splenic Pulp bone marrow
Spleen function in fetus
Produces blood cells
3 pairs of tonsils
Pharyngeal (behind nose)
Palatine x2 - back of the throat
Location of thymus
Upper anterior of the chest, behind sternum between lungs
Cancer of lymph nodes
lymphoma
