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A&P II > V. Lymphatic System > Flashcards

V. Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Lymphatic Organs

A

Red Bone Marrow

Thymus

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2
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

A

Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic Nodules

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3
Q

Two types of tissues in spleen

A

White Pulp

Red Pulp

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4
Q

Lymph

A

Clear fluid, similar to plasma but contains less protein. Flows through lymphatic vessels. Tecnhically a connective tissue

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5
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Drain interstital fluid
Transport dietary lipids
Protect body against invasion/infection

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6
Q

How does lymphatic system work

A

Circulates fluid around body. Interconnected with the blood system

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7
Q

Types of lymphoid CELLS

A

T Cells
B Cells
Macrophages
Reticular Cells

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8
Q

T Cells

A

Originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus gland

Attack self cells that hvae been invaded

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9
Q

B cells

A

Originate AND mature in the bone marrow. Produce plasma cells & memory cells when they encounter an antigen. Memory cells circulate in the lymph and blood w/ capacity to produce additional antigens.

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

Enlarged monocytes (WBC) that engulf microbes and cellular debris

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11
Q

Reticular Cells

A

Fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins - network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.

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12
Q

Reticular Cells

A

Fibers made from collagen and glycoproteins - network within which the lymphocytes and other cells reside.

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13
Q

Three lines of defense against pathogens

A
  1. Physical and chemical barriers
  2. Nonspecific Resistance (innate immunity)
  3. Specific Resistance (Acquired immunity)
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14
Q

What is the difference between nonspecific resistance and immunity?

A

nonspecific resistance - target invaders in generalized way ie. phagocytic cells - ingest and destroy all microbes

immunity - relies on antigens

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15
Q

Antigen

A

protein that serve as a stimulus to produce an immune response

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16
Q

Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs

A 
redness
increased heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
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17
Q

Inflammation - 5 cardinal signs

A 
redness
increased heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
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18
Q

Types of nonspecific resistance

A

Phagocytic cells
Inflammation
Fever

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19
Q

Antigen

A

protein that serve as a stimulus to produce an immune response.
Specificity is when immune cells recognize and react with individual molecules (—) via direct molecular interactions

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20
Q

adaptive immunity

A

“memory” immunity . ***

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21
Q

3 characteristics of specific immunity

A

specificity
memory
tolerance

22
Q

Specifity

A

immune cells recognize and react with individual molecules (antigens) via direct molecular interactions

23
Q

Tolerance

A

is acquired inability to make an immune response to certain antigens by specific immunity

24
Q

Memory

A

is capacity to respond more quickly and vigorously after exposure to antigen by specific immunity

25
Susceptibility
is the extent to which an organism or ecological community would suffer from a threatening process or factor if exposed, without regard to the likelihood of exposure
26
Vulnerability
which takes into account both the effect of exposure and the likelihood of exposure.
27
Two main lymphatic channels
Thoracic Duct | Right Lymphatic duct
28
Antibodies
are produced by the body in response to a foreign invader or foreign proteins. For instance, a type A red cell has the A antigen, but no B antigen, but in the plasma there are Anti B antibodies.
29
Antigens
these are substances that are found on animal cells, plant cells, or any foreign cell which can stimulate a reaction in a host. In the human body, they are often called “surface markers” to help our body recognize its own cells.
30
Antigens
these are substances that are found on animal cells, plant cells, or any foreign cell which can stimulate a reaction in a host. In the human body, they are often called “surface markers” to help our body recognize its own cells.
31
Spleen (function)
1. Filters blood of pathogens and dead cells 2. Site of Macrophages phagocytizing bacteria, and old RBC 3. Stores and releases extra blood at times of need
32
Thymus Gland (function)
Maturation of T Cells | atrophies with age
33
Dendritic Cells
Bind pathogens, present them to lymphocytes
34
Function of Lymph Nodes
Filter - Lymph passes through, immune cells remove and destroy antigens that pass through Produce lympocytes
35
Lymph Nodes definition
Masses of lymph nodes surrounded by connective tissue - concentrated in mammary glands, axillae + digestive area Groin & Neck
36
Lymphocyte Locations
Blood + Thymus gland Spleen Bone Marrow
37
Hemocytoblasts form ____
form 2 types of stem cells 1. B + NK Cells - enter blood B cells - enter blood go to lymph nodes & spleen NK cells migrate through body 2. some go to thymus - form T Cells, which enter blood
38
Route of lymph flow - 2 ducts
Right lymphatic duct (right upper body into R subclavian vein) ``` Thoracic duct (left upper body into L subclavian vein) Begins as cisterna chyli in abdomen, below diaphragm ```
39
Route of lymph flow overall
``` Lymphatic capillaries -> Collecting vessels -> Lymphatic trunks -> 2 collecting ducts -> Subclavian veins ```
40
Red Bone marrow (structure and function)
Soft, loosely organized tissue - PRODUCES ALL CLASSES OF FORMED elements of blood (color comes from erythrocytes)
41
Thymus (structure and function)
Endocrine, lymphatic, and immune organ. | Houses lymphocytes and secretes hormones to regulate their activity.
42
Lymph nodes (structure and function)
Throughout lymphatic system - contains macrophages which respond to antigens in the lymph. This is where it goes down.
43
Tonsils (structure and function)
guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens
44
Spleen (structure and function)
Largest lymphatic organ - Erythrocyte graveyard Macrophages phagocytize them Also stabilizes blood volume- transfers excess plasma
45
Lymphatic capillaries
Extend into interstitial space - receive lymph through their walls
46
Location of Lymphatic capillaries
``` All body except: Avascular tissues CNS Splenic Pulp bone marrow ```
47
Spleen function in fetus
Produces blood cells
48
3 pairs of tonsils
Pharyngeal (behind nose) | Palatine x2 - back of the throat
49
Location of thymus
Upper anterior of the chest, behind sternum between lungs
50
Cancer of lymph nodes
lymphoma

A&P II (13 decks)

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