Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II > VI. Immune System > Flashcards

VI. Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

immunosupressed

A

ie person on chemotherapueutic agents or high doses of steroids - cancer treatment or organ transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Immunocompromised

A

chronic diseases affecting major body system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Immunodeficient

A

HIV or AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Susceptibility

A

NOT age related; breach of body’s immune system due to a co-existing condition wwith which the body is struggling to cope - chronic diseases
hypertension, diabetes, cancer, TB, AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vulnerability

A

Age specific, very young or elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lack of resistance

A

body’s inability to defend itself against non-self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Immunity (adaptive or specific resistance)

A

Ability of body to differentiate SELF and NON-SELF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nonspecific Defenses

A

1 Physical barriers

  1. Phagocytes
  2. Natural Killer Cells
  3. Interferons
  4. Complement
  5. Fever
  6. Inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Physical Barriers (list)

A 
Epithelial Coverings 
       Skin
       Mucus membranes
Secretions
Hair, nails
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phagocytes (list)

A

Microphages (neutrophils, eosinophils)

Macrophages - most tissues, kill invading pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Macrophage (definition, function)

A

Monocyte that leaves blood - migrate to connective tissue

OR - fixed macropahges - phagocytize pathogens that come to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chemotoxis

A

attracted or replled by chemicals (macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diapedesis

A

squeeze between capillary cells (macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of fixed macrophages

A

Microglica (central nervous system)

Alveolar - lungs

Hepatic - Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) - function

A

Recognize, destroy abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What releases perforins?

A

Natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do perforins do?

A

Poke holes in cell membrane, allow water and salt in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What releases granzymes, what do they do?

A

NK cells; break down cells enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Interferons (released by, function)

A

Small proteins released by:
lymphocytes
macrophages
virus-infected cells

INTEREFERE with replication of virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complement Activation

A
  1. destruction of invader
  2. inflammation
  3. attract phagocytes
  4. binding cites coat antigens
  5. bind
  6. circulate to liver and spleen for macrophages to remove
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Activation pathway (2 ways)

A

Classic - rapid, antibody-antigen complex

alternate - slower, antigen triggered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fever (function)

A

inhibits reproduction of bacteria and viruses, speeds metabolism and tissue repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes of fever

A

Pyrogens 9 chemicals that reset hypothalmic thermostat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pyrogens

A

Cause fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inflammation (produces)

A 
swelling
heat
redness
pain
loss of function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hyperemia

A

increased blood flow, causes vasodilation

27
Q

Heparin

A

prevents clotting at site of injury, traps pathogens

28
Q

What leukocyte is first one cite with contained pathogens?

A

neutrophils

29
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

secreted by macrophages and T-cells - increase neutrophils and eosinophils

30
Q

Monocyte function

A

cleanup and repair

31
Q

Edema

A

compresses veins, reduces drainage

32
Q

Specific immunity

A

directed against a specific pathogen,

uses memory cells and antibodies

33
Q

Cellular Immunity

A

T-Cells

Directly attack and destroys foreign cells, can’t be reached by antibodies

34
Q

Humoral (antibody-mechanical) immunity

A

B-Cells
Indirect antibodies assault the pathogen
Work during extracellular stage of infection

35
Q

Antigens

A

molocules that trigger an immune reaction

36
Q

Long term immunity

A

Results from production of memory cells

and antibodies - both defend against a second invasion

37
Q

Memory cells

A

copies of specific T & B lymphocytes

38
Q

Antiobides

A

Large protein molecules - bind and destroy specific antigens

39
Q

Types of Immunity (2)

A

Innate

Acquired

40
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity (4)

A

Natural ACTIVE
Natural PASSIVE
Induced (artificial) ACTIVE
Induced (artificial) PASSIVE

41
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Genetic, present at birth

42
Q

Naturally acquired active immunity

A

Developed after exposure to a pathogen - body produces antibodies or T cells

43
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

Antibodies produced by mother and passed to fetus or nursing infant

44
Q

Induced active immunity

A

developed after one is given a dosage of antigen - smallpox, flu, tetanus

45
Q

Induced passive immunity

A

Antibodies administered to fight infection (ie snake bite antivenom) - use ready made antibodies

46
Q

Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)

A

cells which present antigen - damaged or viral infected cells
monocytes
Dendritic cells
B- lymphocytes

47
Q

MHC - Major Histocompatibility Complex

A

ingest and digest invader antigen, insert a piece of antigen into MHC on surface of membrane

48
Q

Cell-mediated immunity response

A

Activation of Cytotoxic T cells

49
Q

Cell-mediated immune response begins with _____

A

activation of T Cells by antigen presenting call

50
Q

What does cell-mediated immunity lead to

A

production of several types of T cells specific to the invader, destroys it

51
Q

4 types of T cells

A
  1. Cytotoxic Killer T Cells (CK)
  2. Helper T Cells
  3. Suppresser T Cells
  4. Memory T Cells
52
Q

Cytotoxic Killer T Cells

A

DIRECTLY attack antigens

53
Q

Helper T Cells

A

Activate B Cells and T Cells

54
Q

Suppresser T Cells

A

Inhibit B cells and T cells

55
Q

Memory T Cells

A

react to antigen that has previously invaded

56
Q

First step in T Cell activation

A

Helper T Cells

57
Q

Which T Cells recognize antigen

A

Cytotoxic T cells

58
Q

Which T Cells destroy infected Cell

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

59
Q

Causative agent for AIDS

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

60
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A

Infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems

61
Q

4 types classes of immune hypersensitivity

A

I - Allergy
II - Cytoxic antibody-dependent
III - Immune complex diseases
IV - Delayed-type hypersensitivity, cell-mediated immune response, antibody-independent

62
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

allergic reaction, shock is when poor blood circulation as a result deprives the body of oxygen and nutrients. Does not happen with most cases.

63
Q

Self-tolerance in immune system

A

Ability of immune system to recognize self-produced antigens as a non-threat. Some immunotherapies for cancer require breaking self-tolerance mechanisms. Failure of this system includes transplants, IBD, multiple sclerosis, celiac, type 1 diabetes.

64
Q

5 immunoglobulin types

A 
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE
IgD

GMAED

A&P II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions