Regulation of Respiration

Question 1

Unconscious regulation - parts of brain

Answer 1

Medulla and Pons

Question 2

Medulla respiration function

Answer 2

regulates BASIC RHYTHM

Question 3

Pons respiration function

Answer 3

modifies rhythm

Question 4

Average breaths per minute, rhythm

Answer 4

12 per mintue

Inspiration 2 seconds, expiration 3 seconds

Question 5

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) function

Answer 5

Modifies rate and depth of breathing - input from external sources

Question 6

Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG) function

Answer 6

Modifies rhythm - during sleep, exercise, vocalization, emotions

Question 7

Chemoreceptors for respiration

Answer 7

In medulla

Respond to rises in CO2 and H+ Acidosis - increase ventilation

Question 8

Mechanoreceptors in respiration

Answer 8

inflation

Question 9

Proprioceptors in respiration

Answer 9

Contraction of respiratory muscles

Question 10

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 10

In cartoid and aortic bodies - rises in CO2, H+ drop in O2

Increase ventilation

Question 11

Voluntary control of respiration

Answer 11

Hold breath

Question 12

Hering-Breuer Reflect

Answer 12

Stretch receptors in lungs - stiumlates vagus nerve, inhibits inspiratory center and causes expiration
Occurs when tidal volume is 3x normal IE HEAVY EXERCISE

Question 13

Average total lung volume

Answer 13

6L

Question 14

Tidal Volume

Answer 14

Amount of air breathed in and out during normal respiration

~500ml

Question 15

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 15

Additional air that can be inhaled AFTER a normal tidal breath
around 1900-3000ml

Question 16

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 16

Amount of additional air that can be exhaled AFTER a normal Expiration
~700-1200ml

Question 17

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 17

Amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

~1.5L

Question 18

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 18

Maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled from the end of a resting exhalation

Question 19

Inspiratory Capacity Formula

Answer 19

IRV + TV

Question 20

Vital Capacity

Answer 20

Maximum volume that can be EXPELLED at the normal rate of exhalation after a maximum inspiration

Question 21

Vital Capacity Formula

Answer 21

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

Question 22

Total Lung Capacity Formula

Answer 22

TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV

Question 23

Forced Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 23

Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a full inspiration

Question 24

Minute Volume

Answer 24

Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume

12 breaths/min x 500ml/breath = 6000 mls/minute

Question 25

Spirometer

Answer 25

Measures lung volumes

Question 26

Dead air space

Answer 26

air that fills the trachea and bronchi during inspiration (does not undergo gas exchange)
~150ml

Question 27

hypercapnia

Answer 27

excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

Question 28

hypoxia

Answer 28

deficiency in amount of oyxgen reaching tissues

Question 29

acidosis

Answer 29

excessively acidic state of tissues