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Herstory > Vietnam War > Flashcards

Vietnam War Flashcards

1
Q

Bombing Campaign

A

1965 - 1968

  • Directed by Johnson
  • Response to attack on American base, PLIEKU
  • 400 tons a day on NV (more than entirety of WWII)
  • first major escalation of war
  • came with first wave of American troops
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2
Q

“Carrot and Stick”

A

bomb, bomb, bomb and only stop for negotiations
If negotiations = unsuccessful, bombbombbomb again
Not very effective

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3
Q

American commander in charge

A

General Westmoreland

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4
Q

War of attrition

A

kill as many people as possible so NV might give in

  • show body count on evening news
  • RESULTS: NV responds in kind
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5
Q

Erosion

A

erode away ability to attack war; i.e. attack strategic locations like industrial sites
-Ho Chi Minh trail too
RESULTS: not very effective; most supplies came from USSR -> China

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6
Q

Support of Containment

A
  • in support of Truman Doctrine; contain NV

- first and foremost a Civil War - would have gone on without US involvement

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7
Q

Superiority of US industry/technology/fire power

A

“We’re better, so how can we not win?”

Technology only goes so far though because we’re not going to use nuclear warfare

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8
Q

Use of Special forces

A

increased funding for training of special forces in covert operations (navy Seals)

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9
Q

“Market Time”

A

1965 - 1971
Cut off coastal areas as supply routes (from N->S)
-starve off Vietcong
-problem: 1200 miles means hard to defend entire area

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10
Q

Arrival of the Marines

A

March 1965

focus: secure areas along the coast to use as safe bases to rest at when men come back from battles

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11
Q

Helicopter War

A

-move men in & out of fighting
“Search and Destroy”
then fly back…don’t claim territory

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12
Q

Agent Orange

A

chemical that comes out of planes w/ orange belt

  • kill vegetation along Ho Chi Minh Trail to expose Vietcong
  • also affects villages and crops
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13
Q

Napalm

A

like Vaseline: burns

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14
Q

The Draft

A
  • at the beginning of the war, most = volunteers
  • more needed, instate draft, less support…
  • no consistent platoon because everyone on their own rotations
  • avg. age = 19
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15
Q

For Vietnam…

A

low tech war; few planes, few pilots

used tunnels and camoflage

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16
Q

Control fo S. Vietnamese Population

A

terrorism, assassinations, kidnapping

mostly to people in cities favorable to US

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17
Q

Troops reduced by half

A

1972
Troops before = 550,000
Reduced to 250,000 between 1968 - 1972

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18
Q

Vietnamization

A

Turn the war over to Vietnamese while gradually withdrawing troops

  • money goes to material, but less
  • bombing of north continues
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19
Q

Paris Peace Accords

A

-January 12, 1973
Ends American involvement (Civil War continues to rage on)
-Allows for POWs to be released
NOW stop bombing north

20
Q

President Thieu (South) resigns

A

March 1975

21
Q

Evacuation/Fall of Saigon

A

April 29, 1975

American military returns to evacuate remaining Americans

22
Q

Effects of Peace Accords on North Vietnam

A
  • ceasefire
  • drop demands for coalition government
  • release American POWs
23
Q

Effects of Peace Accords on America

A
  • ends the war
  • bases dismantled and men come home
  • agree to stop interfering in South Vietnamese government
  • agree to rebuild North Vietnam (doesn’t happen)
24
Q

Effects…on South Vietnam

A
  • agree to reunification negotiations
  • allow polls for people
  • allow 160,000 troops from NVA to remain in the south
25
Q

Overall results of Paris Peace Accords

A

everybody agrees to anything to make others happy (NV drops demands for unification, SV agrees to unification negotiation, US agrees to stop interfering) but nothing actually ends up happening

26
Q

Case Church Amendment

A

June 1973

  • cut all funds to Vietnam
  • attack on Saigon nullifies Peace Accords, so is never rebuilt
27
Q

American death tally

A

58,000 killed
300,000 injured
3000 MIA
$15 billion spent

28
Q

Vietnam death tally

A

> 400,000 SV killed

>1 million NV killed (mostly from bombing)

29
Q

Refugees

A

Territory completely destroyed from bombing/chemical warfare
SV sent to reeducation camps (basically Gulags)
Some fled (boat people and AmerAsian children)

30
Q

Vietnam Syndrome

A

ida = didn’t want repeat of conflict like Vietnam

-more covert operations instead of overt conflicts (until 9/11)

31
Q

War Powers Act

A

1973

  • took power given to president from Gulf of Tonkin and gave back to president
  • president could send troops overseas, but had to notify Congress within 48 hours of it
  • can only keep troops overseas for 60 days w/o Congressional support
32
Q

Vietnam _____ the domino theory

A

Disproved; neither Cambodia nor Laos fell to communism

33
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Communist party leader in North Vietnam
Gained popular support by resisting Japanese occupation of Indochina
took power in provisional government after JApanese surrender

34
Q

Vietminh

A

Ho Chi Minh’s united nationalist front; “independence League

35
Q

ARVN

A

Army of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnamese army)

36
Q

Ngo Dinh Diem

A

Southern regime leader supported by America

  • administration corrupt
  • after revolution, he was overthrown and American aid was cut off
37
Q

Geneva Accords

A

April 24, 1954

Vietnam divided along 17th parallel

38
Q

Vietcong

A

Southern Anti-Diem communist group

-popular in countryside

39
Q

Dien Bien Phu

A

Site of French defeat in Vietnam

40
Q

Tet Offensive

A

January 31: SV towns attacked by Vietcong/Vietminh after US troops diverted by attack on Khesan

  • penetrated US embassy
  • 6000 (our) deaths vs. 50,000 VC deaths BUT…
  • proved war could never be won. the strength of the VC was too great
41
Q

Watergate Scandal

A

1974, removes Nixon from office

42
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

March 16, 1968 BUT covered up for over a year
LT. Colonel Frank Barker given task force “Charlie Company” to rid area of VC
-platoons dropped off in helicopters
-death toll rises, but not many weapons taken .’. killing citizens
-Captain Ernest Medina radios Lt. William Calley to stop, but Calley continues
-Calley’s men reveal that no VC; were killing innocent people
-gets out to the press and Calley put on trial; find out that My Lai =/= an isolated incident

43
Q

Prague Spring

A

January 1968 - Alexander Dubcek becomes party secretary in Czechoslovakia
March-April: reforms such as censorship abolished, Club 231 established to monitor treatment on political prisoners, rights to travel abroad, freedom of speech…
-Supported Warsaw Pact but promoted socialism
***worried USSR because of opposite domino effect - nationalism could spread

44
Q

Invasion of Czechoslovakia

A

August 20, 1968 Soviet tanks arrive from Ukraine/Poland/E germany/Hungary
C’s meet it with passive resistance
April 17, 1969 Gustav Husak replaces Dubcek
-USSR annouces Brezhnev Doctrine

45
Q

Brezhnev Doctrine

A

written after Prague Spring to justify invasion
published in Pravda in September of 1969
-declared no communist party could do anything that would harm international socialist movement
-USSR had the right to intervene if socialism = threatened
became essential part of USSR foreign policy

Herstory (11 decks)

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