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Herstory > Final aka Cold War > Flashcards

Final aka Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

United Nations

A

JUNE 26, 1945
Evolved from wartime conferences (Potsdam) between Truman, Atlee, Stalin
-goal: rehabilitate war torn world - disarmament, control of atomic power, displaced persons, Spain’s membership

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2
Q

Security Council

A

1/6 branch of UN
Permanent: US, Russia, GB, France, China
-maintain peace/security
-resolve international disputes

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3
Q

George comma Marshall

A

US Secretary of State

Proposed “European Recovery Program” (nicknamed Marshall Plan) on JUNE 5, 1947

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4
Q

Marshall Plan

A

1948-1952, but ended early in 1951

  • help European nations recover
  • assistance included food, fuel, machinery, and investment in European industries
  • establish tighter relations with Western states
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5
Q

US viewpoint of Marshall Plan

A

Aimed to limit Communist influence as well as show that capitalism can improve SOL and rebuild economies

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6
Q

COMECON

A

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

initiated by Stalin after Marshall Plan to strengthen economic ties in Eastern/Central Europe

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7
Q

Molotov Plan

A

1947

USSR provides aid to rebuild Eastern European nations

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8
Q

Wartime Yugoslavia

A

Germany conquered in 1941
Tito & his communists sprung a resistance movement and successfully threw out Nazis in 1945 with limited Red Army support

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9
Q

Yugoslavia + Cold War

A

Emerges from WWII as loose federation of (Serbia, Bosnia/Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, and Macedonia)
-allies with Soviets but didn’t want to be under control

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10
Q

Stalin/Tito

A

Yugoslavia expelled from Cominform in 1948

-Stalin didn’t like Tito bc v independent/nationalist

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11
Q

Cominform

A

Organization created by Soviet Union to coordinate communist activities for communist controlled countries

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12
Q

Non-alignment

A

“third world countries” that didn’t want to choose sides to every conflict of the Cold War
(first official meeting in 1961)

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13
Q

NATO

A

Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization
APRIL 1949
“keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down”
basically the nations involved would protect each other if Soviets tried to take over

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14
Q

Atlanticism

A

protect nations through the use of cooperation

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15
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

MAY 1955
mutual defense treaty between 8 Communist states
-part of Soviet military reaction to maintain control over military forces in Eastern Europe
-puppet govs in satellite states/Soviet distribution of weapons

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16
Q

West German economy stimulated by…

A

Marshall Plan

17
Q

East German economy…

A

destroyed by Soviets in attempt to rebuild own economy

18
Q

London Program

A

created in order to establish West German gov by combining 3 western zones of occupation and currency reform

19
Q

Currency reforms in Germany

A

MARCH 6, 1948

Deutschmark

20
Q

Berlin Blockade

A

APRIL 1948
Partial blockade by Soviets begins, fully erected (heh) in June
US fought back by airlifting materials into Berlin
-11 months long
-13,000 tons of supplies a day
-blockade lifted in May of 1949

21
Q

Events in Greece

A

Britain becomes Greece’s protector in 1944, but withdraws in 1947 according to UN
EMA = Greek National Liberation Front
Britain supported the royalists (who wanted to suppress EMA) but alas, the EMA won
Wasn’t backed by Stalin though

22
Q

Turkey

A

Remained neutral during WWII, but had strategic location (Straits led to mineral resources in North Africa/Middle East)
Stalin sent troops to Turkish border, causing reaction from Turkey (naval force)
Stalin backed down but tensions rose

23
Q

US and Turkey/Greece

A

$400 million financial aid –> them

American military personnel sent in to train Greek/Trukish

24
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Speech in front of Congress on MARCH 12, 1947
Domino theory
Containment/interventionalist instead of isolationist

25
Q

Domino theory

A

Communist victory in Greece would cause same in Turkey, and affect balance of the Middle East (in which America had interests)

26
Q

McCarthyism

A

campaign against alleged communists in US government

1947-1957

27
Q

Truman’s Loyalty Campaign

A

US + abroad anti-communist campaign
rid the government of anyone suspected of being a communist sympathizer
anyone who opposed American foreign policy was considered a communist

28
Q

USSR drops first nuclear bomb

A

AUGUST 29, 1949

29
Q

Julius/Ethel Rosenberg

A

electrical engineer/employee of US Army Signal Corps

accused and tried w/ wife for giving US atomic secrets to USSR

30
Q

NK invades SK

A

JUNE 25, 1950

Take Seoul and push SK back to Pusan
UN reacts to support South, but mainly US mission

31
Q

SK fights back

A

Sept-Oct 1950

MacArthur lands forces in Inchon, retakes South Korea (including Seoul) and pushes into North Korea

Oct: China enters war

32
Q

MacArthur dismissal

A

April 1951

33
Q

DMZ

A

Demilitarized Zone between NK/SK
2.5 miles of no mans land
established on JULY 27, 1953

34
Q

Limited War

A

fought on one territory - no expanding into other borders

NO NUCLEAR WEAPONS

35
Q

Traditionalists

A

Blame Cold War on Soviet Union
-denial of free elections in Poland/Czechoslovakia, Chinese assistance, Greek/Turkish meddling, opposition to Marshall Plan caused US/Truman to reevaluate “conciliatory approach” and adopt tougher policies

36
Q

Revisionists

A

Soviet behavior was defensive

  • wanted to rebuild country after devastation of WWII
  • make sure eastern/central European nations =/= way to invade Russia
  • US wanted capitalist markets/raw materials and employed confrontational tone, thus leading to Soviet defense
37
Q

Postrevisionists

A

No no on revisionist thinking
Suggest balanced responsibility
-consider geopolitical considerations/strategic realities
-(blame leans toward Soviets though)
-(provocative Soviet actions/bellicose Soviet rhetoric led to breakdown of cooperation)

Herstory (11 decks)

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