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Herstory > Chilly Ol War in Africa > Flashcards

Chilly Ol War in Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of Belgian Congo

A

Sides of internal civil war backed by USSR/US, resulting in exacerbated conflict

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2
Q

Lumaba

A

pro-Soviet Prime Minister of Belgian Congo; USSR sent weapons and advisors
-assassinated in 1961 (possibly by CIA)

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3
Q

Kasauuba

A

pro-west President of Belgian Congo; US sent weapons and CIA

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4
Q

UN involvement in Belgian Congo

A

Sent in BLUE HELMETS (20,000) to protect the Europeans (Belgians)

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5
Q

Results of Belgian Congo

A

Commander of army, Mobutu declared himself president

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6
Q

Overview of Nicaragua

A

Years of brutal dictatorships culminated in a civil-war-turned-Cold-War-conflict

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7
Q

Dictators of Nicaragua

A
  • Anastasio Somoza (supported by US and US-instated National Guard) rules from 1937-1956
  • Son Anastasio Jr. becomes even more oppressive leader from 1967-1979
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8
Q

Sandinistas

A

Radical group that gains control of the gov. after Anastasion Jr. overthrown; Violeta Chamorra, Saavedra = representatives; backed by USSR

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9
Q

Contras

A

guerilla groups made up of former members of the National Guard; backed by US

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10
Q

Nicaragua conflict

A

1980’s = civil war b/w Contras/Sandinistas

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11
Q

Results of Nicaragua

A

Ceasefire in 1988, US/USSR pull out

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12
Q

Iran-Contra Affair

A

Reagan’s Watergate; public finds out that Iran army sale profit –> funding the Contra rebels/Sandinista resistance after PROMISING not to get involved in foreign conflicts after Vietnam

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13
Q

2 Main Causes of Iran-Iraq War

A
  • Iraq: Saddam Hussein seized control of government, and named Iran/Saudi Arabia as enemies - turned to USSR for support, and received aid from France (nuclear) and Italy (naval/air training) as well
  • Iran: 1979 Islamic Revolution deposed the Shah and instated Ayatollah Khomeini as leader
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14
Q

White Revolution

A

Iran Shah’s reforms for education/health care/agriculture/women that ended up failing; SAVAK secret police killed all dissent

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15
Q

Iran-Iraq War

A

Iraq invades Iran in 1980; Iran launches counter-offensive in 1981. Back and forth attacks and captures until 1988

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16
Q

End of the Iran-Iraq War

A

Secretary general of the UN (Perez de Cuellar) announced a ceasefire to begin on Aug. 20, 1988 and an observer force would be sent in to monitor the truce

17
Q

Results of the Iran-Iraq War

A
  • devastated both countries
  • half a million died
  • Iran’s industry crippled by Iraqi attacks
18
Q

Mohammed Daoud Khan

A

Overthrew Afghanistan’s monarchy in 1973 and started a dictatorship that aimed for economic development, the attack of Islamic fundamentalists in favor of moving towards pro-America Iran, and repressed opposition
April 27-28, 1978, coup d’etat forced Daoud to step down

19
Q

PDPA

A

People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan

20
Q

Parcham

A

one faction of PDPA; believed collaboration w/ other political forces necessary to instigate reform

21
Q

Khalq

A

other faction of PDPA; wanted to instigate SOCIAL change

22
Q

Amin

A

Leader of Khalq and eventual leader of Afghanistan after Khalq triumphed over Parcham and Amin had Taraki (other K leader) assassinated (bc he threatened cultural traditions/wealthy landowners bc of land reforms)

23
Q

Conflict in Afghanistan

A

Soviets tricked Amin into inviting in their support, then invaded on Christmas 1979, killed Amin, and installed Babrak into puppet gov. HOWEVER, couldn’t control countryside, and eventually had to withdraw as Soviet moral dropped

24
Q

Mujaheddin

A

Rebel/guerilla troops of Afghanistan’s countryside (aided by US); eventually gave rise to the Taliban

25
Q

End of Afghanistan War

A

April 14, 1988
Geneva Accords signed by Afghanistan/Pakistan, additional agreement signed by US/USSR
Gorbachev removes troops from 1988-1989

26
Q

Reasons Afghanistan was like Vietnam

A
  • guerilla fighters with strong sense of nationalism and opposition to puppet gov.
  • guerillas supplied from outside
  • unfamiliar terrain
  • containment (Islamic fundamentalism)
  • preservation of superpower control
  • returning narcotics problems (tobacco vs. opium)
  • strong dissatisfaction at home
27
Q

FNLA

A

National Liberation Front - Angola

  • South Africa & West support against communism
  • backed by US and Bakongo tribe
28
Q

UNITA

A

National Union for Independence -Angola

-Ovimbundu (biggest tribe) + South African support

29
Q

MPLA

A

Popular Movement for Liberation (Angola)

  • Marxist with tribal appeal
  • backed by USSR/Cuba against FNLA
30
Q

Angola crisis

A

FNLA vs. MPLA in a vicious civil war with Cold War undertones

  • 1991: peace accord signed but tribal wars (with kid soldiers) continued
  • 1992: elections held and MPLA member won; UNITA refused to accept and resumed civil war but no more Cold War
31
Q

Forty Group/Kenyatta

A

Violent anti-British group in Kenya

PM of Kenya until 78

Herstory (11 decks)

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