Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Herstory > Russian Revolution test > Flashcards

Russian Revolution test Flashcards

1
Q

Marxism

A

Based on political/economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; means of production provide economic base that influences/determines political/ideological superstructure

Communist Manifesto, 1848 introduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Capitalism

A

economic system in which means of production = privately owned/operated for profit

Marx despised capitalism (prosperity for few + poverty for many)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

people who owned land/resources/factories - wealthy elite that benefit from proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proletariat

A

People who work for wages “have nots” vs. bourgeoisie “haves”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intention of communism

A

overthrow bourgeoisie/put political power in hands of proletariat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Goals of communism

A
  • end child labor
  • universal education
  • women empowerment
  • progressive tax to redistribute capital
  • *create classless communist society where wealth + power = equally shared
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lenin’s views

A

Trained professionals led Bolshevik party, and membership limited to few full-time revolutionaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Marxism: 1989 and beyond

A

Nationalism stronger than global communist ideals; nearly every communist country had adopted free market capitalist ideals

Why? Marx didn’t take into account people’s selfish ambition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Economic causes of the Russian Revolution

A
  • Tsar’s mismanagement of the economy/WWI
    • shortage of factory/farm workers bc men in army
      - widespread food shortages = high prices
  • Threat of famine
  • Peasant majority didn’t benefit from modernization attempts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Political causes

A
  • Enormous losses in WWI
  • Autocracy unpopular with educated class
  • Tsar+wife = weak/ineffective leaders
  • Influence of Rasputin
  • Charismatic leaders (Lenin/Trotsky) more appealing than Tsar
  • Spread of Marxist ideas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Social causes

A

-extremes in social classes = centuries of oppression toward lower classes
-food deprivation due to WWI
-peasants desire for land (85% still serfs)
Demand for factory workers cause mass migration to cities (which become overpopulated w/ poor living conditions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Results of causes

A
  • Tsar overthrown & executed
  • Civil war emerges
  • Lenin dominates Bolshevik party
  • Communist system established in Russia
  • 14 million die between 1914-1926
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Power struggle between Trotsky & Stalin

A

Lenin = undeniable leader of Bolsheviks, but Trotsky and Stalin butted heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trotsky’s position

A

leader of army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stalin’s position

A

secretary general (sat in on meetings, became responsible for deciding local party positions)

  • put his supporters in positions of power
  • nobody left in opposition of Stalin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cult of Stalin economy

A
  • 1928 = first five year plan (industrialize Soviet Union)
  • Gosplan = production quotas/targets for industries to meet
  • 2nd/3rd five year plans = consumer goods, less on industry
17
Q

Social / Cultural developments of cult of Stalin

A
  • Literacy from before = 50%, after = 89%
  • Emphasis on higher education for the elite
  • new cirricullum with Stalin in the center
18
Q

The Great terror

A

Purge “enemies of the state” (i.e., enemies of Stalin) by putting them through public show trials, then sending them to the Gulag/executed

Why? Slave labor necessary, Stalin’s paranoia, removal of rivals

19
Q

February/March Revolution

A
  • Petrograd workers begin striking - March 7 1917 announce a strike in PULITOV. No casualties despite clashes with Tsar’s forces, but some workers fired
  • Next day, 50,000 workers strike and demand bread (because of women workers who marched and convinced them)
  • March 10 - most industrial/commercial/service enterprises shut down in Petrograd
  • March 11 - Tsar orders troops to suppress riots by force. Troops mutiny
  • March 15 - Tsar abdictates
20
Q

Provisional government

A

system unable to make decisive policy decision due to breakdown of state structures. Temporary and ineffective

21
Q

October/November Revoluation

A

October 10 - Lenin holds secret Bolshevik meeting to debate revolution
October 10-23 - Bolsheviks campaign around the country for revolution
October 24 - Leader of Bolshevik Guards (Jaan Anvelt) plans attack on Petrograd
-October 25 - Bolshevik troops take control of telegraph, post office, train stations, bank (etc) in Petrograd
-October 26 - PM Alexander Kerensky flees Petrograd. Troops infiltrate Winter Palace and stage bloodless coup, putting them as new leaders of Russia
-Nov 2 - Soviet Government permits nationalities of Russia to break away and have full independence

22
Q

Results of October/November Revolution

A
  • All banks nationalized
  • Private bank accounts confiscated
  • Church properties seized
  • Soviets take over factories
  • Transformed Russia from parliamentarian to socialist
23
Q

Great Purge

A

1934-1938

series of repressive measures by Stalin targeting people that could pose a threat to his rule. Specifically Communist Party members, military’s officer corps, and country’s intellectuals

24
Q

Causes of Purge

A
  • dissent growing in the ranks of the Communist Party
  • Stalin wanted to solidify his rule so that dissension wouldn’t threaten dictatorship
  • scare citizens into silent submission
25
Q

Timeline of Purge

A
  • March 9, ‘36 - Resolution of Politburo established to protect USSR from spies, terrorists, and other infiltration. Needed to “purge” USSR of political refugees
  • Mar 15, ‘37 - peasants banned from leaving farms
  • Mar 29, ‘37 All officers dismissed from Red Army except for Party members
26
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

1904-1905
Japan thwarts Russia’s plans for Pacific empire by taking Lushun, Manchuria’s economy, and Korea. Humiliated Romanov dynasty by undermining regime’s political authority

27
Q

Bloody Sunday

A

Workers marched to St. Petersburg to request an audience with the Tsar. He was away at the front, and his soldiers opened fire on workers. Caused major unrest that was only quieted by the Tsar’s agreement to a representative government - the Duma

28
Q

Between Feb/March and Oct/Nov revolutions…

A
  • Provisional government (Duma) established in 1917
  • 3 March 1917 - Prince Georgi Lvov becomes first prime minister. Believes that international obligations take precedence over internal struggles
  • May 1917 - Lvov government falls, giving way to First Coalition (retained Lvov as PM)
  • 3/4 July 1917 - Demonstrations nearly place Bolsheviks in power, but balance restored and Lenin flees to Finland
  • 24 July 1917 - Second Coalition comes to power w/ Aleksandr Kerensky as PM
  • 7 Nov 1917 - Bolsheviks storm Winter Palace and establish Soviet rule
29
Q

Ukranian Famine

A

1932-33

Collectivization caused grain shortages, but, to prove his plans were effective, Stalin continued to export grain, leading to famine. August 1932 law passed allowing Communists to steal Ukranian grain. EVERYBODY (USSR to US) IGNORED IT

30
Q

Treaty of Rapallo

A
  • Soviet/Germany
  • Germany = first state to recognize Soviet state
  • Soviet allowed Germany to test military equipment/train troops in USSR - VIOLATES TREATY OF VERSAILLES

renewed in 1931, but ended in 1933

31
Q

Other treaties

A
  • Sep. 18, 1934, USSR joins League of Nations

- 1935, France/USSR sign treaty of military cooperation

32
Q

Nazi Soviet Pact

A
  • each nation remain neutral should war occur
  • partition Poland to serve as buffer between the two
  • Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania –> USSR

Herstory (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions