Video mediated communication

Question 1

What are the pros of teleconferencing?

Answer 1

> Reduced travel costs

> Experience between face-to-face and telephone

Question 2

What did Weiss (1990) say about teleconferencing?

Answer 2

> Video improves voice communication
Group participation
Barriers may be due to booking, workplace displacement and lack of spontaneity

Question 3

What is desktop conferencing?

Answer 3

Video-mediated communication located on a desktop or in the corner of a screen

Question 4

What was the reception of desktop conferencing?

Answer 4

Preferred by novices, dispreferred by frequent users

Question 5

What did Heath and Luff (1997) find wrt desktop conferencing?

Answer 5

Eye-tracking revealed speakers prefer to look at themselves

Question 6

What are the modes of interaction present during face-to-face communication?

Answer 6

> Verbal
Non-verbal
Spatial

Question 7

What are the features of non-verbal communication?

Answer 7

> Use of space
Gaze
Gesture
Posture and allignment

Question 8

What did Kleinke (1986) establish wrt the function of gaze?

Answer 8

> Provides information
Regulates interaction
Expresses intimacy
Exercises social control

Question 9

What did Loomis et al (2008) establish?

Answer 9

The function of gaze depends on whether the other actor(s) can see where you are looking

Question 10

Who established that the function of gaze is dependant on whether or not an individual is being observed?

Answer 10

Loomis et al (2008)

Question 11

What did Thompson et al (1993) do?

Answer 11

Developed the map task

Question 12

What did Boyle et al (1994) find?

Answer 12

Using the map task, lack of eye contact:
> Doubled turns
> Increased length of turn
> Increased interruptions
> No differences in accuracy or time taken

Question 13

What did Doherty-Sneddon et al (1997) do?

Answer 13

Extended Boyle et al (1994) using video-mediated communication

Question 14

What did Doherty-Sneddon et al (1997) find?

Answer 14

> Video-mediated communication contained significantly more words and turns
Eye contact gave no benefit

Question 15

What did Heath and Luff (1991) find?

Answer 15

Gestures and gaze are less efficient in VMC

Question 16

What are the limitations of video-mediated communication wrt gaze?

Answer 16

> Gestures and gaze are less efficient
Ppts prefer to look at themselves
Spatial awareness, peripheral monitoring of non-verbal signals and joint reference cannot be replicated

Question 17

What is spatiality?

Answer 17

Individuals use relative position to establish shared space while having a face-to-face conversation

Question 18

What did Heath et al (1997) find?

Answer 18

That when given a choice of cameras during VMC, ppts preferred looking at desktop

Question 19

What are the features of copresent music tuition?

Answer 19

> Direct eye-contact less than 5% of the time

> Average during of eye contact less than a second

Question 20

What were the features of remote music tuition?

Answer 20

> Divided gaze

> Interruptions, while not more frequent, became more frustrating