Spatial awareness and participation Flashcards
What did Kraut et al (1990) find?
Looking at % of collaborations between researchers, Kraut et al found collaborations most frequently happened with those whose offices were on the same corridor
Who found that collaborations are dependant on physical proximity?
Kraut et al (1990)
Kraut et al (1990) demonstrated that collaborations in accademia are dependant on physical proximity. Were there any other proximity effects?
There was no organisational proximity effects (eg, departments, direct superiors, etc)
What are Google prediction markets?
To predict the likelihood of future events and increase interdepartmental interaction, google devised a pseudo-gambling system for its employees
What did Google prediction markets find about the likelihood of employees working together?
> Proximity strongest predictor
» Employees moved desks every 90 days
Digital communication was a predictor
Most demographic factors had no effect
What did Whittaker et al (1994) find?
> 50% of work interactions last less than 38 seconds
> Frequent interactions are shorter and less formal
What factors of communication does physical proximity support?
> Multimodal interactions
Opportunistic, ad hoc
Maintained awareness outside interaction
What are the features of opportunistic or ad hoc communication?
> Active awareness
Passive awareness (monitoring)
Roaming conversation
What did Belloti and Bly (1996) and Whittaker et al (1994) find?
That people on the move spend most of their time talking to others
Who found that people on the move spend most of their time talking to others?
> Belloti and Bly (1996)
> Whittaker et al (1994)
Who found that 50% of all workspace communication takes under 38 seconds?
Whittaker et al (1994)
What did Pentland (2008) demonstrate?
That the ratio of face-to-face to digital communication is a predictor of productivity and job satisfaction
