Vibrio, Compylobacter, Helicobacter

Question 1

Vibrio- shape, gram, spores?, movement

Answer 1

Curved rod shape
Gram neg
Do not form spores
large flagella

Question 2

cholera bacterial cause and transmission

Answer 2

Toxigenic strains of Vibrio Cholera

transmission- Ingestion of contaminated water/food

Question 3

Symtoms of cholera ( how long does it last )

Answer 3

Very severe watery diarrhea w electrolyte loss lasting 2-5 days

Question 4

Cholera pathogenisis

Answer 4

causes excessive cAMP activation

PKA activity increases causing hypersecreation of CL and NA (along with water)

Question 5

How to prevent cholera and tx for it

Answer 5

Prevent

• Proper water santisation
• Boil water
• hand washing
• dukoral vaxine

Tx- fluid/electrolyte replacement is essential

Question 6

What can mimic cholera and has a similar vaccine for both

Answer 6

Enterotoxigenic e coli (ETEC)

Question 7

What are the 3 vibrio species

Answer 7

Vibrio cholera
Vibrio paraharmolyticus
Vibrio Vulnificans

Question 8

Common cause of vibrio paraharmolyticus

Answer 8

infecion is typically associated with ingestion of bacteria in raw/undercooked seafood (oysters)

Question 9

Progession of vibro paraharmolyticus and symptoms

Answer 9

24 hr incubation

-Acute gastroenteritis (explosive, watery or bloody diahreea)

Question 10

Vibrio vulnificus common causes

Answer 10

Acute gastroenteritis from eating raw or undercooked shellfish

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of vibrio vulnificus

Answer 11

Acute gastroenteritis (much more sever than vibrio paraharmolyticus)
-can lead to sepsis, blistering dermatitis

Question 12

Campylobacter- shape, gram, o2, spore, mc kind that affects humans

Answer 12

Shape- spiril
Gram- gram neg
o2- microaerophile (poisoned at high doses)
spore- no

-C. Jejuni

Question 13

what does c. jejuni typically cuase and reason why

Answer 13

Campylobacteriosis

Gastroenteritis
associated with oral ingestion of food/water contaminated with bac from fecal matter

Question 14

Symptoms of campylobacteriosis caused by c. jejuni and what is it associated with after infection

Answer 14

Abdominal pain, diahrea, fever for 7 days (self limiting)

Associated with Guillain barre syndrome (reactive arthritis)

Question 15

Pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis

Answer 15

Penetrates gastro tissue using high motility/spiril shape

produces virulence factors (LPS) which contribute to gastro issues

Question 16

Helicobacter pylori- gram, shape, o2, common location

Answer 16

gram neg

Spiril shape

Microaerophilic (poisoned by too much o2)

Common in stomach (acidophilic)

Question 17

Transmission of helicobacteri pylori and who is likely affected

Answer 17

Person to person transmission via oral oral/ fecal oral route

-children more likely to aquire

Question 18

Pathogenesis of H pylori+ virulence factors (3)

Answer 18

1. Flagella for entry to gastic mucus layer
2. Secreted enzymes (mucinase) erode stomachs protective layer
3. urease
4. LPS

Question 19

What CAG of H pylori is associated w increased risk of gastirc cancer

Answer 19

CagA

VacA

Question 20

What % of h pylori is usually asymptomatic

Answer 20

80-90%

Question 21

Symptomatic infection of h pylori (4)

Answer 21

Gastritits- inflammation of stomach lininf
Duodenitis- inflamation of duodenum
Peptic Ulcer- Erosion of stomach
Gastric cancers

Question 22

How to diagnose H pylor + tx

Answer 22

Endoscpy, serology, urea breath test/ stool test

tx- 2 antibiotics + pro pump inhibitor (reduces gastric acid)

Question 23

What percentage of people with h pylori develop cancer

Answer 23

1-3%