Respiratory Bacteria

Question 1

Bordetella pertussis- Gram, o2, what deos it cause

Answer 1

Gram neg
Obligate aerobe

-causes pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 2

what structures does B pertussis use to colonize lung epithelial cells (3)

Answer 2

Filmentous haemagglutinin adhesion
Fimbriae
Pertactin

Question 3

Main pathogenesis of pertussis (4 toxins it produces)

Answer 3

Tetracheal cytotoxin- stops cilia beating (causes coughing fits

Pertussis toxin/ Adenylate cylase- increases cAMP which causes cellular signaling disfunction

LPS- local inflammation

Question 4

What are the 2 stages of Pertussis

Answer 4

Catarral stage

Paroxysmal stage

Question 5

What happens in the catarhal stage of pertussis + how long does it last

Answer 5

1-2 weeks

-Upper respiratory tract symptoms- rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, cough, fever

Question 6

What occurs in the paroxysmal stage of pertussis + how long does it last

Answer 6

2-8 w

• Paroxysmas of coughing typically in single expiration with whoop sound after
• Post tussive vomiting common

Question 7

transmission of pertussis and who is commonly affected

Answer 7

Highly contagious spread thru respiratory droplets

-children under 1/ those with faded immunity

Question 8

in what stage are antibiotics usefull in pertussis

Answer 8

Most useful if started during the catarrhal stage

Question 9

Haemophilus influenza- gram, shape, what is their endotoxin

Answer 9

gram neg

Coccobacilli

Produce LOS (instead of LPS)

Question 10

Howw is Haemophilus influenza transmitted and 2 types

Answer 10

Respiratory droplets

1. Strains w no capsul (Nontypable)
2. Encapsulated (Type B)

Question 11

Nontypable haemophilus influenza- invasive?, Symptoms/causes

Answer 11

not typically invasive

• associated w otis media
• exacerbations of COPD disease
• Sinus infections/conjunctivitis
• pneumia

Question 12

What does the capsul of type b H. Influenzae have that allows it to evade

Answer 12

Capsul made of polyribosylribitol phosphate which allows the organsim to evade phagocytosis

Question 13

What does H influenzae cause/symptoms

Answer 13

Upper respiratory infections (sinitus/epiglottitis)

-bactermia (pneunomia, meningitis)

Question 14

What is epiglottis and what is a medical emeregency it causes

Answer 14

Swelling of the epiglotis and aryepiglottic fods that may obstruct air flow (med emergency)

Question 15

What type of vacine do we have for h. influenzae

Answer 15

Just for encapsulated strands

Question 16

Legionella pneumophilia- gram, o2, intra/extracellular

Answer 16

Gram neg
obligate anerobe (most resp bac are)
Faculatative intracellular bac

Question 17

How does legionella pneumophilia transmit

Answer 17

Inhalation of water droplets from a contaminated source (stagnant water; accidental exposure)

Question 18

Pathogensis of legionella (how does it enter cell)

Answer 18

Bac infect alveolar macrophages in lungs

• Entry via coilded phagocytosis (avoids immune system)
• virulent strains impair function of phagosome
• results in macrophage death (causing inflammation etc)

Question 19

mc symptoms of legionella

Answer 19

Almost all experience fever w/ productive cough (not many serious complications)

Question 20

What is the more mild form of legionnairs disease And symptoms

Answer 20

Pontiac fever (by legionella pneumophila)
symptoms- neusa, fever, cough headache, BUT NO PNEUMIA

Question 21

Pseduomonas spp- gram, shape, mc species

Answer 21

gram neg
Rod shapped
mc- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 22

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- capsul, o2, what color does it turn in media

Answer 22

Encapsulated

• Aerobic
• characteristic blue-green color in media

Question 23

Where is Pseudomonas aeruginosa found and what special feature does it have to sense surroundings

Answer 23

Thrives on moist surfaces

Quorum sensing- Produce autoinducers which sense surroundings for high microbial density

Question 24

Why is Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug resistent

Answer 24

-Actively pump antimicrobial agents out of bacterial cell thru eflux pumps

Question 25

What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4)

Answer 25

LPS

Exotoxin A- inhibits translation

Flagella to embed themselves

Biofilms- triggers potent inflammatory response to protect bacteria from antibiotics

Question 26

Who are Pseudomonas aeruginosa mc in/ who is likely to get it

Answer 26

Primarily associated with nosocomial infections, primarily in those in ICU

Question 27

Moraxella caterrhalis- gram, o2, shape, what does it produce

Answer 27

gram neg
Aerobic
diplococcs

All strains produce B lactamases

Question 28

What does moraxella caterrhalis produce on its surface that allow it to adere to tissues

Answer 28

Trimeric autotransporter adhesions

Question 29

What symptoms can moraxella caterrhalis produce in children and and adults and immune compromised elderly

Answer 29

children- otis media

Adults- bronchitis, sinitus and larygitis

Elderly- pneumonia in elderly (+ those w copd)

Question 30

Is pseudomonas spp vaccine preventable

Answer 30

no