Spirochetes Flashcards
Spirochetes - shape, type of flagella, gram
Spiril shaped bacteria
- endoflagella (runs internally)
- gram negative
What are the 3 major species of Spirochetes
- Treponema pallidium
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
What are the 2 subspecies of treponema pallidium + what does it cause
Treponema pallidium- Syphilis
Endemic ttrponematoses
How is syphilis (treponema pallidium) transmitted
transmitted via intimate sexual contact or during childbirth
What is primary + secondar sphylis
primary- bacteria enter abrasions and cracks in skin/mucus membranes- forms chancre
Secondary- Hematogenous spread to any organ system (eg. diffuse non itchy rash)
What is 3rd and 4th stage sphylis
3- asymptomatic latent period
4th- disease manification in sites where bacteria spreads to (5-15 y after initial exposure)
Gummatous syphilis/ neurosyphilis/ cardiovascular syphilis
What does endemic treponematoses cause
Mucous membrane and cutaneous lesions which progress to bone defomities and skin and soft tissue abnormalities
(yaws, bejel, pinta)
What are the 2 diseases that borrelia spp cause
Lyme disease
Relapsing fever
How is lyme disease transmitteed
Lyme disease is a bacterial disease transmitted by tick bites - bacteria enter circulation as the tick feeds over the course of 24-48 h
(not spread person to person)
What is one of the early localized symptoms of lyme disease
Large expanding bullseye skin rash called erythema migrans which occurs @ the site of a tick bite
What are characteristic symptoms of disseminated infection of lyme disease
- Rashes at sites that bare no relation to tick bite
- Muscle pain/arthritis
- lyme carditis
How to diagnose and tx lyme disease
can mimic many other disorders so serology for anti borrelia antibodies
tx- antibiotics/ prevention w/ deet
What are the symptoms of post treatment lyme disease syndrome
After months to years, about 60% of treated patients experience recurring attacks of arthritis, shooting pain, fatigue, mood or sleep disorders, or other neurologic manifestations (e.g. memory disturbances)
What is relapsing fever due to and symptoms
caused by non lyme species of borrelia (still thru ticks)
Relapsing episodes of fever lasting a few days with aferbrile periods lasting about 7 days (avg 3x)
What is leptospirosis due to (how does it enter body)
zoonotic infection which occurs via exposure to infected animal urine
- not spread bw humans
- Bac enters via breaks in skin/mucous membrane (bacterimea)
