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PA2205- mod 6 > Protozoan Infections 2 > Flashcards

Protozoan Infections 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the amoeba parasite

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

How doe amoeba move

A

Pseudopods

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3
Q

Entamoeba histolytica- natural host, resevior host, disease it causea

A

Natural host- man
Resevoir host- man
disease- Dysentery

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4
Q

How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted, habitat

A

Transmission- contaminated food, water, hands, sex

Habitiat- extracellular parasite of lumen of l. intestine

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5
Q

What are the 3 forms of infection of e histolytica

A
  1. non invasive infection- remain in intestinal lumen (asymptomatic)
  2. Intestinal disease- invade intestinal mucosa (colitis)
  3. Extraintestinal- thru blood (abscesses
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6
Q

How does e histolytica adhere to cells

A

Adherence mediated by protein called eh lectin

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of e histolytica

A
  1. invasion thru secretion of proteinases (necrosis of mucosa)
  2. Trophozoites penetrate mucosa, muscle layers and travel to liver (abscess)**
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8
Q

How often will e histolytica be asymptomatic

A

90% of time

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9
Q

What are the 2 clinical pictures e histolytica can cause

A
  1. Intestinal amoebiasis- Dysentary (bloody diarreha)

2. Extra intestinal amoebiasis- liver abscess

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10
Q

How to diagnose e histolytica (3)

A

hx of travel
clinical picture (diahrea w mucus/blood)
Microscopic exam of stool specimen (<4 nuclei)

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11
Q

What does acanthamoeba spp cause

A

Opportunistic amoeba that can cause rare but severe infections of the eye, skin, and CNS.

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12
Q

How does acanthamoeba spp transmit + clinical manifestations

A

Entry through respiratory tract, contact lens solution, or wounds.

Corneal inflammation → keratitis → corneal ulcer
(disseminated in immune comp)

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13
Q

What is the ciliate protozoa and the disease it causes

A

Balantidium coli

-Balantidiasis

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14
Q

Balantidium coli- transmission, resevoir host, habitit, clinical pic

A

Fecal oral route (contaminated by pig)
Swine
-lives in large intestine

-most asymptomatic but causes dysentery

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15
Q

How does ciliates differ from amoebiasis

A

Cilliates cant get into blood stream cuz they too big doe

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16
Q

How to dx balantidiasis (3)

A 
History of travel or contact with pigs
Clinical Picture (bloody diarrhea w mucus)
Microscopic examination to Stool specimen/Endoscopy
17
Q

What are the 4 flagellates

A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trichomonas vaginalis
  3. Trypanosoma
  4. Leishmania
18
Q

Giardia lamblia- disease, host, resevior,habitat transmission

A

Giardiasis

Host- man
Resevior- infected animals
habititat- small intestine
Transmission- water; fecal oral

19
Q

Pathology of giardia lamblia

A

attaches to mucosal surface and causes inflamation of microvilli preventing fat absorption

20
Q

Clinical pic of giardia lamblia

A

Diahreea (greasy/oily)

-malabsorbtion/vit def.

21
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis- disease, host, ifective stage, transmission

A

Trichomoniasis (mc STD worldwide)
Host- man
Infective stage- Trophozoite
transmission- STI

22
Q

Clinical picture of trichomoniasis (m + f)

A

m- urethritis + thin discharge

F- strawberry vagina, frothy vaginal discharge (w bad odor)

23
Q

3 complications of trichomoniasis

A
  1. increased risk of other STIs
  2. Preterm delivery
  3. Low birth weight
24
Q

What are the 2 types of trypanosomes

A

T brrucei

T cruzi

25
Q

T brucei- vector, hosts, multiplication site

A

vector- tsetse fly
Host- humans/animals
multiplication site- Extracellulary in body fluids (blood/lymph)

26
Q

2 stages of t brucei (african typanosomiasis)

A

Acute- chancer at site of bite, intermittent fever, winterbottoms sign (inflamed lymph nodes

Chronic- Parasite of CNS (sleeping sickness)

27
Q

T cruzi- vector, hosts, multiplication site

A

vector- Kissing bug (Parasite in stool of bug and then is scratched into the blood)

Hosts- humans

Multiplication site- Intracellulary in the heart/other tissue

28
Q

2 stages of t cruzi (american typanosomiasis)

A

Acute- fever etc, no parasites in blood

Chronic- Chagas disease (cardiomyopathy, megacolon etc)

29
Q

Leishmania- 3 forms

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Mucosal
  3. Viceral
30
Q

Leishmania- mode of infection, host, infective stage, habitat

A

-Bite of female sandflies
host- man
infective stage- Promastigotes
habitat- intracellular parasite of macrophages

31
Q

What does cutaneous leishmaniasis cause

A

painless sores that develop after sandfly bite

32
Q

What does mucosal leishmaniasis cause

A

The lesions can lead to partial or total destruction of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat cavities and surrounding tissues.

PA2205- mod 6 (13 decks)

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