Protozoan Infections 2 Flashcards
What is the amoeba parasite
Entamoeba histolytica
How doe amoeba move
Pseudopods
Entamoeba histolytica- natural host, resevior host, disease it causea
Natural host- man
Resevoir host- man
disease- Dysentery
How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted, habitat
Transmission- contaminated food, water, hands, sex
Habitiat- extracellular parasite of lumen of l. intestine
What are the 3 forms of infection of e histolytica
- non invasive infection- remain in intestinal lumen (asymptomatic)
- Intestinal disease- invade intestinal mucosa (colitis)
- Extraintestinal- thru blood (abscesses
How does e histolytica adhere to cells
Adherence mediated by protein called eh lectin
Pathogenesis of e histolytica
- invasion thru secretion of proteinases (necrosis of mucosa)
- Trophozoites penetrate mucosa, muscle layers and travel to liver (abscess)**
How often will e histolytica be asymptomatic
90% of time
What are the 2 clinical pictures e histolytica can cause
- Intestinal amoebiasis- Dysentary (bloody diarreha)
2. Extra intestinal amoebiasis- liver abscess
How to diagnose e histolytica (3)
hx of travel
clinical picture (diahrea w mucus/blood)
Microscopic exam of stool specimen (<4 nuclei)
What does acanthamoeba spp cause
Opportunistic amoeba that can cause rare but severe infections of the eye, skin, and CNS.
How does acanthamoeba spp transmit + clinical manifestations
Entry through respiratory tract, contact lens solution, or wounds.
Corneal inflammation → keratitis → corneal ulcer
(disseminated in immune comp)
What is the ciliate protozoa and the disease it causes
Balantidium coli
-Balantidiasis
Balantidium coli- transmission, resevoir host, habitit, clinical pic
Fecal oral route (contaminated by pig)
Swine
-lives in large intestine
-most asymptomatic but causes dysentery
How does ciliates differ from amoebiasis
Cilliates cant get into blood stream cuz they too big doe
How to dx balantidiasis (3)
History of travel or contact with pigs Clinical Picture (bloody diarrhea w mucus) Microscopic examination to Stool specimen/Endoscopy
What are the 4 flagellates
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Trypanosoma
- Leishmania
Giardia lamblia- disease, host, resevior,habitat transmission
Giardiasis
Host- man
Resevior- infected animals
habititat- small intestine
Transmission- water; fecal oral
Pathology of giardia lamblia
attaches to mucosal surface and causes inflamation of microvilli preventing fat absorption
Clinical pic of giardia lamblia
Diahreea (greasy/oily)
-malabsorbtion/vit def.
Trichomonas vaginalis- disease, host, ifective stage, transmission
Trichomoniasis (mc STD worldwide)
Host- man
Infective stage- Trophozoite
transmission- STI
Clinical picture of trichomoniasis (m + f)
m- urethritis + thin discharge
F- strawberry vagina, frothy vaginal discharge (w bad odor)
3 complications of trichomoniasis
- increased risk of other STIs
- Preterm delivery
- Low birth weight
What are the 2 types of trypanosomes
T brrucei
T cruzi
T brucei- vector, hosts, multiplication site
vector- tsetse fly
Host- humans/animals
multiplication site- Extracellulary in body fluids (blood/lymph)
2 stages of t brucei (african typanosomiasis)
Acute- chancer at site of bite, intermittent fever, winterbottoms sign (inflamed lymph nodes
Chronic- Parasite of CNS (sleeping sickness)
T cruzi- vector, hosts, multiplication site
vector- Kissing bug (Parasite in stool of bug and then is scratched into the blood)
Hosts- humans
Multiplication site- Intracellulary in the heart/other tissue
2 stages of t cruzi (american typanosomiasis)
Acute- fever etc, no parasites in blood
Chronic- Chagas disease (cardiomyopathy, megacolon etc)
Leishmania- 3 forms
- Cutaneous
- Mucosal
- Viceral
Leishmania- mode of infection, host, infective stage, habitat
-Bite of female sandflies
host- man
infective stage- Promastigotes
habitat- intracellular parasite of macrophages
What does cutaneous leishmaniasis cause
painless sores that develop after sandfly bite
What does mucosal leishmaniasis cause
The lesions can lead to partial or total destruction of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat cavities and surrounding tissues.
