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PA2205- mod 6 > Gram Pos Cocci- Staphylococcus/Strep > Flashcards

Gram Pos Cocci- Staphylococcus/Strep Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell wall of gram pos

A

thick wall of Petidoglycan in their wall

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2
Q

What type of aerobes are gram pos cocci and are they intra/extracellular pathogens

A

Faculative anaerobes

Primally extracellular

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3
Q

What are the types of blood agar lyses

A

B hemolysis- complete
A hemolysis- partial (causing green)
Y hemolysis- no lysis

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4
Q

What are the 2 tests to categorize g+ cocci

A
  1. Lancefield cell wall antigens

2. coagulase test (will be +)

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5
Q

Group A streptococcus- type of lysis, Antigen type, motility, Capsule +/-

A

B hemolytic
Group a lancefield antigen on cell wall
Non motile
Produce a capsule

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6
Q

What is the repersentative human pathogen + mc associated disease

A

Steptococcus pyogen

=Stretococcal pharyngitis

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7
Q

Assiciated diseases of streptococcus pyogens (5)

A
  1. step pharygitis
  2. Steptococcal skin inf
  3. Scarlet fever
  4. Step toxic shock syndrome
  5. post steptococcal complication
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8
Q

Streptococcal pharygitis- target, transmission, pathology, antibiotic

A

target- primarly children

transmission- large respiratory droplets

Pathology- abrubt sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, exudate, fever

Antibiotic- b lactams

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9
Q

what are the 3 types of streptococcal skin infections

A
  1. Impetigo
  2. cellulitis
  3. Necrotizing fascitits
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10
Q

Impetigo- age, symptoms, area of effect

A

Infection of superficial layers of skin epidermis
(highly contagoius)
-causes red sores that rupture, honey coloured crust around nose/mouth

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11
Q

Cellulities- symtoms/areas affected

A

rapid spreading infection of dermis + subcutenous fat in skin (skin may be swollen/warm)
-associated with burns, wounds, ulcers +surgical insision

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12
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)- symptoms, area affected, why

A

Inf that spreads into deeper subcutaneous tissue of skin/muscles/fascia casuing skin changes

  • @ site of trauma or insision
  • Severe pain, fever, weakness etc
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13
Q

What is scarlet fever due to

A

s pyogens strains that produce steptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (spe)

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14
Q

what is the clinical picture of scarelet fever

A

Super antigens prodice inflammatory response that causes bumpy, bright red rash under skin
+fever

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15
Q

What triggers streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and what are the clinical effects

A

super antigens (spe) enter blood and activate up to 20% of t cells resulting in cytokine storm

  • sustematic vessel leakiness, fever, multisytem organ involvement
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16
Q

What are examples of post streptococcal complications (3)

A
  1. Acute rheumatic fever (fever, inflamed jts, heart issues)
  2. Post infectious glomerulonephritis (pharyngitis/skin inf)
  3. PANDAS- ocd, anxiety etc
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17
Q

what type of blood agar does group b step: strep agalactica have

A

B hemolytic

18
Q

How is steptococcus agalactiae transfered and who does it affect + cause

A

neonates from mothers thru infection of genital tracts

  • Can cause neonatal pneumonia + meningitis
  • also effects at risk elderly
19
Q

Streptococcus mutans blood agar type and what is it the primary cause of

A

a hemolytic

Primary causes of dental cavities, plaques, abscesses

20
Q

how does streptococcus mutans cause dental plaque (and what is a risk of infection)

A

S mutans metabolize sucrose producing sticky strands that allow them to adhere to teeth

  • risk of endocarditis
21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae blood agar type, and where is it usually colonized

A

a hemolytic

nasopharyngeal colonization (usually asymptomatic)

22
Q

what is a serotype of a bacteria

A

Serotype: if strains of a bacterial species are so different that they induce different antibody responses, those strains are said to be serotypes (same species but immune system responds differently)

23
Q

how is streptococcus pneumoniae transmitted and how does it evade host response

A

transmitted via respiratory droplet or direct contact

all serotypes produce a slightly dif polysaccharide capsul that impairs host phagocytosis

24
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumia in adults + community aquired pneumia

A

Streptococus pneumoniae

25
Q

How does streptococus pneumoniae affect the host + how to diagnpse

A

Bacteria progress down respiratory tract and trigger unflammating in alveolar space (airways fill with fluids)

  • wil see lung consolidation in chest x ray
  • pt will have feverm cough etc
26
Q

What causes otis media, age range, symptoms

A

Streptococcus pneumia mc
Nasopharyngeal congestion may prevent normal clearing mechanism resulting in backup into the typically sterile middle ear
-6-24months of age

27
Q

what is bacterial sinitus caused by and how can it be differentiated from viral infection

A

streptococcus pneumia

differentiated from viral sinitus due to persistence (>10 days) or severity of symptoms

28
Q

what is the mc cause of menigitis and what is the clinical triad

A

Streptoccucus pneumia

High fever, stiff neck, severe headache

29
Q

Enterococcus- blood agar type, who is it associated with, superbug associated with it

A

(TYPE OF STREPTOCOCCUS)
Y hemolytic

Associated with nosocomial infections in pts. who are immunocompromised in hospitals

Superbug- vancomyosin resisten enterococcus

30
Q

Which will produce a + catalase test: streptococcus or staphylococcus

A

Staphylococcus

31
Q

What staphlococcus produces + and - coagulase test

A

+ Staphylococcus aureus

  • Coagulase neg staphylococcus
32
Q

Staphlococcus- results on coagulase + catalase test and what does it excrete

A

positive on both

  • secretes exoenzymes (proteases + lipases that damage host tissue)
33
Q

What are the skin infections associated with staphylococcus aureus (3)

A

Paronychia- infect along border of nail

Folliculitis- Inflamation of hair follicle

Inflamed follicles/boils

34
Q

What causes staphlococcal scaled skin syndrome/ritters disease, age, symptoms

A

age- <1
Exfoliatin toxins from stapholccoal aures

Blistering skin condition due to detachment of epidemis (impairs desmoglein 1)

35
Q

What is staphlococcal toxic shock syndrome due to (and historical cause)

A

Superatigen Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

  • produces cytokine storm (+ eventually toxic shock)
  • due to high absorbancy tapons
36
Q

How is staphlococcas aureus food poisoining trigered, when do the symptoms start

A

Superantigens that trigger gut inflammation due to food contaminated by enterotoxins

-rapid onset on symptoms in 2-6 hours (mild)

37
Q

What is septic arthritis due to and what are the symptoms

A

S. Aureus is most common cause

symptoms- acute pain, jt swelling, erythema, warmth, fever, inability to bear weight, decreased ROM

38
Q

Osteomyelitis- cause and what does it cause

A

Staphlococcus aureus mc

Inflamation of bone/ bone marrow causing chills, fever, malaise, local pain/swelling

39
Q

What % of people have MRSA on skin, and what does it have resistence to

A

1% of people have commensal MRSA on their skin

Resistant to methicillian + other B-lactams

40
Q

What is the most common coagulase-negative staphlyococci (CoNS)

A

Staphylococcus epidermis (not normally infectious uness immunocompromised)

41
Q

What is the second most common cause of urinary tract infections behind e coli

A

Coagulase-neg staphlycoci (CoNS)

42
Q

What bacteria is most commonly associated with hospital aquired pneumonia

A

Staphlyococcus aureus

PA2205- mod 6 (13 decks)

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