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PA2205- mod 6 > Helminths Infections > Flashcards

Helminths Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the platyhelminthes + are they m/f

A

Trematodes (flukes)
cestodes (tapewoms, segmented)
-Hermaphrodites (except schistomes)

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2
Q

What makes up namathelminthes + are they m/f

A 
Just namathelminthes (round worms)
- male and femal varieties
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3
Q

General trematodes- DH, IH

A 
humans (DH)
freshwater snails (IH)
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4
Q

Fasicola Hepatica (Liver trematode)- DH, IH, transmissoon, habitat

A

DH- man
IH- snails
transmission- ingesting water vegetation
Habitat- biliary ducts

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5
Q

Fascicola hepatica (liver trematode)- acute/chronic stages

A

acute-symptoms can occur as a result of the parasite’s migration from the intestine to and through the liver (nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain/tenderness).

çhronic- settle in bile duct + cause blickage, pain in right upper quadrent

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6
Q

What is the main type of blood fluke (and subspecies)

A

Schistosoma- S mansoni

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7
Q

Life cycle of s mansoni

A
  1. Eggs passed in urine or stool
  2. Eggs contaminate freshwater
  3. eggs hatch in to miracidium
  4. Special types of snails’ vessels
  5. Infective stage:Cercaria
  6. Penetrate the human skin
  7. Enter blood vessels
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8
Q

What body organ does s mansoni target

A

Mesenteric veins (remember same m)

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9
Q

Schistosomiasis- Clinical picture

A

Swimmers itch initially at site
-fever, abdominal pain etc

then will have damage to intestinal wall, urinary bladder which will cause gatro hemorrhage etc etc

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10
Q

Lung fluke life cycle- IH, DH, habitat

A

IH- freshwater snail + crustacean
DH- Ingestig inadequetly cooked crustacean
Traves thru abdominal wall to lung

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11
Q

Clinical picture of lung fluke

A
  • Bleeding in alveli, coughing w blood in sputum

- pleurtitic chest pain, bac pneumonia

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12
Q

Where do adults and larvea of tapeworms(cestodes) live

A

Adults- lumen of small intestine

Larvae- live in tissues

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13
Q

When can pork taeniasis (pork tapeworm) be serious

A

If eggs are ingestied by humans- can causes cysts in CNS where it can cause seizures etc

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14
Q

What is the tapeworm that usually infects dogs but can accidentally infect humans upon ingesting eggs from dogs

A

Hydatid disease

In humans will causes cysts (especially in liver)

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15
Q

What are the 2 nematodes of the large instestine

A
  1. Enterobius vermiculars (pin worm)

2. trichuris trichuria (whip worm)

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16
Q

Enterobius vermicularis- life cycle, transmission, disease symtoms

A

migrates to perianal arae and will scratch area and autoinfect

Enterobiasis- asymptomatic perianal pruritus at night

17
Q

Trichuris trichuria (whip worm)- disease and symtoms

A

trichuriasis

-Virulent and aggressive in heavy infections causing mucosal bleeding and painful passage of stooland Rectal prolapse.

18
Q

What are the 3 small intestinal nematodes

A
  1. Ascaris lumbricoides
  2. Ancylostoma & Necator (Hook Worm)
  3. Strongyloides stercoralis
19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides- transmission, 2 phases

A

Swallowing infective eggs

  1. Pulmonary phase- The larvae mature in the lungs → penetrate the alveolar walls → ascend the bronchial tree to the throat and are swallowed. (transient respiratory symptoms)
  2. Intestinal phase- results in diareeaha, obstruction of intestinal lumen
20
Q

Hook worm 3 phases

A
  1. cutaneous phase- penetrates skin, causes itch
  2. Migratory phase (matures in lung)
  3. Intestinal- Diarrhea, intestinal ulcers
21
Q

How does strongyloidiasis differ and similar to hook work

A

same lifecycle

-passes larveae in feces that may cause autoinfection

22
Q

What are the 2 tissue nematodes that are caused by larvea

A

Toxocariasis

Trichinella spiralis

23
Q

What is the tissue nematode that is caused by the adult form of the nematode

A

Filariasis

24
Q

Toxocariasis in humans

A

The human is the accidental host.
→ If the human accidentally ingests eggs there will be an abnormal life cycle
of this parasite. The eggs will hatch, and the larvae will migrate into liver lung/ other tissues and cause cysts

25
Q

How is trichinella spiralis transmitted and pathogenesis/ symptoms

A

Eating insufficiently cooked pork

-Larvea migrate to striated mm and cysts form
Have trouble coordinating mvts, heart conditions

26
Q

Two types of filarsiasis

A

Lymphatic

Onchocerciasis

27
Q

Lymphatic filariasis- vector and symptoms

A

Mosquito vector

elephantitis

28
Q

Onchocerciasis- vector and disease

A

Black fly vector

river blindness

PA2205- mod 6 (13 decks)

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