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PA2205- mod 6 > Fungal Infection > Flashcards

Fungal Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of pathognic fungi

A
  1. Filamentous molds- multicellular, reproduce by spores
  2. Yeasts-Unicellular, asexual budding or hypea
  3. Dimorphic- Can switch between the 2 (spores and yeasts)
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2
Q

What type of people do fungi typically infect

A

Opportunistic infections

-disemminated fungal infection takes place in immunocompromised pts.

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3
Q

What fungi are normal commensals on humans

A

Malassezia furfur

Candida albicans

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4
Q

What are the 2 main types of fungal diseases (and sub categories)

A
  1. Fungal skin infections (superficial, cuaneous, subcutaneous)
  2. deep seated (endemic, opportunistic)
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5
Q

What are the two main steps to identify fungal infections

A
  1. KOH mount (pot. hydroxide) to detect fungal elements

2. Sabouraud dextrose agar to isolate specific type

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6
Q

What is the main fungal infection of the superficial mycoses, layer of skin its found, fungus its caused by

A

Pityriasis

Caused by malassezia furfur(dimorphic) infection of stratum corneum

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pityriasis

A

produce chems that incite inflammatory rxn affecting melanin production yielding variable pigmintation

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8
Q

What are predisposing factors to pityriasis

A

Under certain conditions it will change to a mold (when there is heat and humidity*)
Younger and male due to changes in horomones (skin changes)

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9
Q

How to diagnose pityriasis (2)

A
  1. clinically by appearence

2. Spagetti and meatball apearence under KOH (hypea + spores)

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10
Q

What are 2 other forms of M furfur diseases

A
  1. Seborrheic dermatitis- inflammed flakey rash

2. Folliculis- inflammed hair follicles

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11
Q

What skin layer does cutaneous mycoses affect and what is an example infection called

A

limited to the epidermis

ex. Dermatophytosis

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12
Q

do dermatophytosis produce spores, what type of fungi are they what do they produce

A

Environmental molds (hypea)
Produce spores
Produce keratolytic enzymes that enable them to utilize keratin

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13
Q

transmission of dermatophytis, features that enhace infection and main symptom

A

Person to person contact (direct or indirect; sharing combs etc)

Trauma/heat+humitity favour infection
-scaly pruritic lesions w red vesculated borders

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14
Q

What is the disease called of the subcutaneous mycoses, what type of fungi is it

A

Sporotrichosis

dimorphic mold

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15
Q

How do you aquire sporotrichosis

A

Skin trauma after handling contaminated plant

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16
Q

Pathogenesis of sporotrichosis

A

causes subcutaneous nodule at point of entry

and will migrate up lymphatic vessels creating nodules along the way

17
Q

What are the 3 main endemic mycoses

A

Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiodomycosis

18
Q

What type of fungus is endemic mycoses

A

Thermally dimorphic organsims (mold in cold, yeast at higher)

19
Q

How is endemic mycosis transmitted

A

in soild then transmission thru inhalation of spores/ airborne

NO person to person transmission

20
Q

pathogenesis of endemic mycoses

A

inhaled and lodge in mucous membrane of respiratory tree where they are phagocytosed and cause problems in immunocompromised indvs

21
Q

what is the primary target organ of endemic mycoses and symptoms

A

Primary lung infections
(systemic symptoms- fever, fatigue, inflammation of fat under skin)

Can also be diseminated to CNS etc

22
Q

What are 4 examples of opportunistic mycoses

A
  1. Systemic candidiasis
  2. Aspergillosis
  3. Crytococcosis
  4. Pneumocystis pneumonia
23
Q

Why does candidiasis occur

A

usually commesal but can overgrow due to taking of antiotics (will not affect the yeast so it will grow uncontrolled)

24
Q

What type of mold is candidiasis

A

Budding yeast

25
Q

What are the virulence factors of candidiasis (5)

A
  1. Psuedohyphae
  2. germ tubes
  3. Adhesions
  4. Invasins (for epithelial penetration)
  5. Candidalysin toxin
26
Q

What is the germ tube test and what is it testing for

A

Tests for candida albicans

Pos test- a short hyphal extension arising from a yeast cell with no constriction at the point of origin

27
Q

What is candidal intertrigo

A

In warm moist areas between intertriginous folds of adjacent skin

28
Q

What is candidal paronychia and onychomycosis

A

painful redness and swelling of nail folds when repeatedly immersed in water (paronychia)

Onychomycosis (thickening and loss of nails)

29
Q

What is oropharyngeal candidiasis symptoms

A

white patches on inner cheeks, tongue, roof of mouth, tongue

30
Q

What is one of the most common infections of ppl living with HIV/AIDS

A

Esophageal candidiasis

31
Q

What are the most common symptoms of invasive candidiasis

A

mc symptoms are fever and chills that don’t improve after antibiotic tx

32
Q

Cryptococcus- capsul?, what are the types that affect immunocompromised and non immunocompromised indvs

A

Have capsule
Inhaled

Immuno compro- C. neoformans (no immune)
Non immuno comrp- C gatti (good immunity)

33
Q

What does cryptococcus cause in normal and HIV pts

A

Usually asymptomatic/ self limiting pneumia

HIV- Pneumonia, meningitis

34
Q

What stain is used for cryptococcus

A

India-ink stain (can see the capsul)

35
Q

How is aspergillosis transmitted and what is the toxin produced

A

Transission via inhalling spores

-produces aflatoxin

36
Q

What are the symptoms of aspergillosis

A
  1. Allergic broncho pulmoary apergillosis (asthma like)
  2. Sinus inf
  3. Fungus ball in lungs
  4. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cavities in lungs)
37
Q

Pneumocytstis jirovecii transmission, who likely gets it

A

Spread from person to person in air

- Likely in ppl with weakened immune systems like HIV/AIDS

38
Q

How to diagnose pneumocytstis jirovecci and symtoms

A

symptoms- fever, non productive cough, progressive dyspenia

diagnosis- By demonstration of organism in induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, or endotracheal aspirate., will see cyts in xray

PA2205- mod 6 (13 decks)

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