Vibrio

Question 1

what is the biology of vibrio?

Answer 1

• Gram negative “comma” bacilli
• Motile
• Oxidase +

Question 2

how does vibrio spread?

Answer 2

Ingestion of contaminated seafood or water

(Associated with natural disasters)

Question 3

what is the most common vibrio infection globally?

Answer 3

cholera

Question 4

what is vibrio cholerae pathogenesis?

Answer 4

1) Vibrio attaches to microvilli in small intestine with TCP (Toxin-Coregulated Pilus) and releases toxin.
2) Cholera Toxin B subunit binds to GM ganglioside receptor.
3) Cholera Toxin A subunit ADP-ribosylates Gαs of GCPR, thus increasing adenylate cyclase activity.
4) Increased cAMP causes electrolyte efflux to lumen of gut.
5) Altered osmotic environment causes massive loss of water.

Question 5

what will vibrio cholerae cause?

Answer 5

Excessive “rice-water” secretory diarrhea

Question 6

what complications can occur with vibrio cholerae?

Answer 6

• Dehydration
• Hypokalemia and hypovolemic shock

Question 7

what is vibrio parahaemolyticus the most common cause of?

Answer 7

MC cause of seafood gastroenteritis in USA esp. shellfish

Question 8

Vibrio parahaemolyticus will lead to what?

Answer 8

Self-limiting diarrheal disease

Question 9

what will Vibrio vulnificus leado to?

Answer 9

• Self-limiting diarrheal disease
• Cellulitis in wounds after exposure to salt water

Question 10

what will vibrio vulnificus lead to in immunocompromised individuals?

Answer 10

Septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis, especially in chronic liver disease

Question 11

what is the treatment for vibrio? (for healthy and for immunocompromised)

Answer 11

Rehydration!!!! Replacement of water and electrolytes (NaCl plus sugar). for healthy individuals.

Doxycycline if patient is immune-compromised and at risk of sepsis