Salmonella (GNB strict pathogen) Flashcards

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1
Q

what biological feature is always present on salmonella?

A
  • Oxidase (-)*
  • Non-lactose Fermenting (white on MacConkey)**
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2
Q

what is salmonella enterica’s biology?

A
  • Gram (-) bacilli
  • Facultative anaerobe
  • Capsule
  • Motile, peritrichous flagella*
  • Oxidase (-)**
  • Non-lactose fermenting***
  • H2S production****
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3
Q

what salmonella serotype will cause typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or Paratyphi

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4
Q

what salmonella serotype will cause Gastroenteritis?

A

Non-typhoidal Salmonella

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5
Q

what is the pathogenesis of salmonella?

A

Invades ileum IEC in addition to M cells via T3SS.

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6
Q

how does salmonella avoid phagolysis?

A

Avoids phagolysis due to capsule.

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7
Q

Can salmonella live intracellularly?

A

yes, in macrophages

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8
Q

what is the biology of salmonella typhi?

A
  • Gram Negative Bacilli
  • Motile,
  • Non-fermenter,
  • H2S production
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9
Q

how does salmonella typhi spread?

A

fecal-oral (human restricted)

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10
Q

what is the Pathogenesis of salmonella typhi?

A

invades without inflammation and lives inside macrophages

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11
Q

Salmonella Typhi can live permanently in what organ of the body?

A

gallbladder

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12
Q

what is the clinical presentation of typhoid fever?

A
  • High fever lasting >7days
  • Hepato-splenomegaly
  • Rash “Rose Spots”
  • Headache
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13
Q

what patient history is important in order to diagnose typhoid fever?

A

travel especially to southeast asia

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14
Q

what complications can occur with typhoid fever?

A

1) septic death
2) asymptomatic chronic carrier

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15
Q

what is the biology of non-typhoidal salmonella?

A
  • Gram Negative Bacilli
  • Motile,
  • Non-fermenter,
  • H2S production
  • Oxidase (-)*
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16
Q

what are the most common Non-typhoidal Salmonella?

A

S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium

17
Q

how does non-typhoidal salmonella spread?

A

Zoonotic Reservoir

(found in animals)

poultry, pigs, reptiles

18
Q

what is the Pathogenesis of non-typhoidal salmonella?

A

Invade ileum and M cells

Crosses to lamina propria and triggers inflammation.

19
Q

what immunity will activate to combat the non-typhoid salmonella?

A

cell mediated immunity

20
Q

when does Non-typhoidal Salmonella become systemic?

A

cell mediated immunity compromised

21
Q

what disease can non-typhoidal salmonella occur on a healthy host?

A

Mild Gastroenteritis = loose, watery stools

22
Q

how common is non-typhoidal salmonella in USA?

A

very common

23
Q

what will salmonellosis (non-typhoidal salmonella) cause in old age and children individuals?

A
  • Severe Gastroenteritis = high fever, watery/bloody stools
  • GI + Bacteremia = high fever, septic symptoms
24
Q

what will salmonellosis (non-typhoidal salmonella) cause in the immunocompromised?

A
  • Typhoid Fever = high fever, septic symptoms
  • Meningitis = high fever, severe headache, etc.
25
Q

what complications can arise with non-typhoidal salmonella?

A
  • Sepsis
  • Osteomyelitis **esp. sickle-cell patients
  • Septic Arthritis
  • Reactive Arthritis **HLA-B27 Patients
26
Q

what tissues can Salmonella colonize? why?

A

any tissue because it can survive in macrophages!

27
Q

what agar can help diagnose salmonella?

A

hatktoen agar (black colonies)

28
Q

what treatment is given to salmonella on a healthy host?

A

Supportive treatment for NTS gastroenteritis in healthy host

29
Q

what treatment is given to salmonella resistance?

A

Fluoroquinolones – Cipro

30
Q

how is salmonella prevented? against biological structure will antibodies be made against?

A

Attenuated Live Strain Vaccine for S.Typhi ONLY

against the capsule