Salmonella (GNB strict pathogen)

Question 1

what biological feature is always present on salmonella?

Answer 1

• Oxidase (-)*
• Non-lactose Fermenting (white on MacConkey)**

Question 2

what is salmonella enterica’s biology?

Answer 2

• Gram (-) bacilli
• Facultative anaerobe
• Capsule
• Motile, peritrichous flagella*
• Oxidase (-)**
• Non-lactose fermenting***
• H2S production****

Question 3

what salmonella serotype will cause typhoid fever?

Answer 3

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or Paratyphi

Question 4

what salmonella serotype will cause Gastroenteritis?

Answer 4

Non-typhoidal Salmonella

Question 5

what is the pathogenesis of salmonella?

Answer 5

Invades ileum IEC in addition to M cells via T3SS.

Question 6

how does salmonella avoid phagolysis?

Answer 6

Avoids phagolysis due to capsule.

Question 7

Can salmonella live intracellularly?

Answer 7

yes, in macrophages

Question 8

what is the biology of salmonella typhi?

Answer 8

• Gram Negative Bacilli
• Motile,
• Non-fermenter,
• H2S production

Question 9

how does salmonella typhi spread?

Answer 9

fecal-oral (human restricted)

Question 10

what is the Pathogenesis of salmonella typhi?

Answer 10

invades without inflammation and lives inside macrophages

Question 11

Salmonella Typhi can live permanently in what organ of the body?

Answer 11

gallbladder

Question 12

what is the clinical presentation of typhoid fever?

Answer 12

• High fever lasting >7days
• Hepato-splenomegaly
• Rash “Rose Spots”
• Headache

Question 13

what patient history is important in order to diagnose typhoid fever?

Answer 13

travel especially to southeast asia

Question 14

what complications can occur with typhoid fever?

Answer 14

1) septic death
2) asymptomatic chronic carrier

Question 15

what is the biology of non-typhoidal salmonella?

Answer 15

• Gram Negative Bacilli
• Motile,
• Non-fermenter,
• H2S production
• Oxidase (-)*

Question 16

what are the most common Non-typhoidal Salmonella?

Answer 16

S. Enteritidis and Typhimurium

Question 17

how does non-typhoidal salmonella spread?

Answer 17

Zoonotic Reservoir

(found in animals)

poultry, pigs, reptiles

Question 18

what is the Pathogenesis of non-typhoidal salmonella?

Answer 18

Invade ileum and M cells

Crosses to lamina propria and triggers inflammation.

Question 19

what immunity will activate to combat the non-typhoid salmonella?

Answer 19

cell mediated immunity

Question 20

when does Non-typhoidal Salmonella become systemic?

Answer 20

cell mediated immunity compromised

Question 21

what disease can non-typhoidal salmonella occur on a healthy host?

Answer 21

Mild Gastroenteritis = loose, watery stools

Question 22

how common is non-typhoidal salmonella in USA?

Answer 22

very common

Question 23

what will salmonellosis (non-typhoidal salmonella) cause in old age and children individuals?

Answer 23

• Severe Gastroenteritis = high fever, watery/bloody stools
• GI + Bacteremia = high fever, septic symptoms

Question 24

what will salmonellosis (non-typhoidal salmonella) cause in the immunocompromised?

Answer 24

• Typhoid Fever = high fever, septic symptoms
• Meningitis = high fever, severe headache, etc.

Question 25

what complications can arise with non-typhoidal salmonella?

Answer 25

• Sepsis
• Osteomyelitis **esp. sickle-cell patients
• Septic Arthritis
• Reactive Arthritis **HLA-B27 Patients

Question 26

what tissues can Salmonella colonize? why?

Answer 26

any tissue because it can survive in macrophages!

Question 27

what agar can help diagnose salmonella?

Answer 27

hatktoen agar (black colonies)

Question 28

what treatment is given to salmonella on a healthy host?

Answer 28

Supportive treatment for NTS gastroenteritis in healthy host

Question 29

what treatment is given to salmonella resistance?

Answer 29

Fluoroquinolones – Cipro

Question 30

how is salmonella prevented? against biological structure will antibodies be made against?

Answer 30

Attenuated Live Strain Vaccine for S.Typhi ONLY

against the capsule