Nocardia Flashcards

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1
Q

biology of nocardia?

A
  • Branching filaments
  • Weakly acid-fast
  • catalase (+)
  • Aerobic
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2
Q

Transmission?

A

Inhalation of contaminated dust or soil entry into open wound

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3
Q

when is it opportunistic?

A

in immunocompromised

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4
Q

how does it avoid phagocytic killing?

A
  • Short-chain mycolic acids* interferes with complement
  • Cord factor* (glycolipid) prevents fusion of phagosome with lysosome.
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5
Q

what is Clinical Disease that it causes?

A

Nocardiosis:

  • Bronchio-pulmonary disease
  • Cutaneous and sub-cutaneous infections
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6
Q

Bronchio-pulmonary disease due to nocardia is seen in whom?

A

Almost always in immunocomp.

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7
Q

nocardia Bronchio-pulmonary disease patients will present with what?

A

Cavitations with spread into the pleura with dyspnea, fever & cough

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8
Q

nocardia Bronchio-pulmonary disease looks similar to what other disease?

A

tuberculosis

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9
Q

what are the Cutaneous and sub-cutaneous infections that nocardia causes?

A

Mycetoma

Lymphocutaneous infections

Brain abscesses, Cellulitis & subcut abscesses etc

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10
Q

what is Mycetoma?

A

localized subcutaneous swellings involving underlying tissue, muscle & bone

suppuration and formation of multiple sinus tracts

(chronic granulomatous inflammatory response in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue.)

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11
Q

how do Lymphocutaneous infections look?

A

cut nodules and ulcerations along the lymphatics with LN involvement

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12
Q

nocardiosis targets primarily what patientS?

A

immunocompromised

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13
Q

what patient history predisposes to nocardiosis?

A

CLL presenting with large nodules and chest pains

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14
Q

how do you diagnose nocardia?

A

Direct Gram and acid-fast staining of sputum or CSF or tissue

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15
Q

what is the treatment for nocardia?

A

Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole

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