Vibrio

Question 1

Characteristics of Vibrio

Answer 1

Gram -, facuktative, rod, motile, non-spore forming, found in saltalwater
O1&O139 cause cholera

Question 2

Vibrio cholera contains a toxin called

Answer 2

Cholera toxin

Question 3

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

1. Cholera toxin bind to GM1-ganglioside receptor of cell membrane via subunit B
2. A subunit of cholera toxin catalyse the ADP-ribosylation of Gs (stimulatory) regulatory protein and lock it in the active–> persistent activation of adenylate cyclase
3. Activation of adenylate cyclase converts more ATP into cAMP
4. Acculumation of cAMP cause the active secretion of Na+ ions, K+ ions, HCO3- ions, Cl- ions, water out of cells and into the intestinal lumen
5. cholera occurs

Question 4

Treatment

Answer 4

1. fluid and electrolyte replacement
2. antibiotics such as axithromycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole