Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Public Health > Veterinary drugs and residues > Flashcards

Veterinary drugs and residues Flashcards

1
Q

What can chloramphenicol cause?

A

aplastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can diehtylstilbsetrol cause?

A

bone marrow toxicity

carcinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can metronidazole cause?

A

carinogen

teratogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can nitrofurazone cause

A

carcinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can phenylbutasone cause?

A

blood dyscrasias

carcinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can sulfonamides cause?

A

hypersensitivity

thyroid tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can penicillin cause?

A

hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 4 issues with antimicobial use in food animals?

A
  1. resistance in pathogens
  2. resistence in commensal bacteria
  3. changes in food animal flora (more enteric pathogens)
  4. effect of drug residues on human enteric flora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the issue with diclofenac?

A

it killed vultures. was cheap and used for cattle that are not slaughtered (NSAID). vultures are uniquely suscpetible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who approves drugs for veterinary use?

A

Health Canada
Health products and food branch
veterinary drugs directorate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does the veterinary drugs directorate regulate drug use?

A

no. but performs human health risk assessments?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the CFIA do with respect ti drugs?

A
  1. tests drug residues in food

2. approves biologics (vaccines, antibodies etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 6 pre-market steps in approval of vet drugs?

A
  1. human safety
  2. clinical efficacy
  3. safety in intended species
  4. safety to the environmetn
  5. manufacturing and quality control!
  6. labelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are subchronic toxicity studies?

A
  1. 2 species of lab animals used (rodent and non-rodent)
  2. drug administered orally every day) 3-12 months
  3. low, medium and high dose groups
  4. minimum 2 animals (10 of each sex) per group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are chronic toxicity studies?

A

like subchornic but >12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are examples of special studies

A
  1. carcinogenicity tests
  2. reproductive tests
  3. teratogenicity tests
  4. genetic toxicity tests
    (others: immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, endocrine changes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are three studies for human safety testing?

A
  1. subchronic
  2. chronic
  3. special
    tests
18
Q

What are three studies for human safety testing?

A
  1. subchronic
  2. chronic
  3. special
    tests
19
Q

What does human safety (microbiology) evaluate?

A
  1. spectrum of activity
  2. antimicrobial resistance
  3. effect on target animal gut flora
  4. effects on human gut flora
  5. impact on human medicine
20
Q

What are three aspects of human safety testing?

A
  1. toxicology and pharmacology
  2. microbiology
  3. drug residues and metabolism
21
Q

What aspects of spectrum of activity of a drug are considered?

A

activity to

  1. target animal pathogens
  2. food-borne pathogens
  3. commensal bacteria
22
Q

What aspects of antimicrobial resistance are examined in new drugs?

A
  1. mechanism of AMR
  2. mechanism of AMR transfer
  3. rate of AMR development
  4. cross resistance to other antimicrobials
23
Q

What affects on animal gut flora are evaluated?

A

if zoonotic pathogens in gut increase
if there are changes in fecal shedding
(changes usually transient)

24
Q

What is the microbiological acceptable daily intake?

A

the concentration of drug in food residues that is required to cause changes in the gut flora (human)

25
Q

What is the acceptable daily intake?

A

the amount of drug that can be consumed by a human over a lifetime with no adverse effects

all drug residues in food (parent compond + metabolites must result in human intake

26
Q

How is the ADI (acceptable daily intake) determined?

A
  1. toxicology and microbiology data
27
Q

What is NOEL

A

No observable effect level (NOEL)

28
Q

What is NOEL

A

No observable effect level (NOEL)

29
Q

what is the no observable effect level (NOEL)

A

highest dose in the most susceptible species that does not cause any adverse effects (rabbits or rats)

30
Q

How do you calculate ADI

A

NOEL divided by a safety factor (usually 100)–10 for intraspecies variability, 10 for interspecies variability

31
Q

What is microbial ADI?

A

for antimicrobial only

the lowest concentration of drug that can cause changes in the human gut flora

32
Q

What is the maximum residue limit?

A

determines how much drug residue is allowed in food

33
Q

How is the total residue limit determined?

A

total residue limit=ADI/food consumption factor

34
Q

What is the maximum residue limit?

A

the maximum amount of drug MARKER RESIDUE allowed in tissue

35
Q

What is the maximum residue limit based on?

A

based on a ratio of the marker residue to the total residue limit

36
Q

What is the maximum residue limit based on?

A

based on a ratio of the marker residue to the total residue limit

37
Q

What is a withdrawal period

A
  1. period of time from last treatment until an animal can be slaughtered/milk/eggs used for consumption
38
Q

What is the withdrawal period determined to be?

A

amount of time for the marker residue coencentration in the slowest animals treated with that drug to fall below the maximum residue limit

39
Q

What is an issue with the withdrawal period?

A

have to follow the label!

40
Q

What might make a carcass suspect?

A
  1. injection site lesions

2. evidence of pathology or illness

41
Q

Who determines if the processing plant will take the milk?

A

processing plant and they can have different levels-even if the residue is below the MRI is may not be accepted

42
Q

what are some factors that ensure that drugs are very safe?

A
  1. extensive testing
  2. 100x safety factor
  3. very high food consumption assumed
  4. withdrawal periods are based on residues from slowest depleting animals

Public Health (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions