Companion animal zoonoses Flashcards
What percentage of canadian households have a dog or cat?
> 50%
How many cats are there in Canada? How many dogs?
7-8 million; 6 millions dogs
What are disease causing agents?
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- parasites (a. endoparasites, b. ectoparasites)
What are different issues with a. household pets b. pet birds c. reptiles and amphibians d. horse and zoonoses
a. degree/duration/intensity; food and treats b. fecal contact aerosolization of fecal matter c. habitat contamination fecal contamination d. nasal/facial contact fecal contamination international movement
What are 5 ways of transmission?
- aerosol
- oral
- vectors
- direct contact
- fomites
what are 5 examples of pathogens transmitted by direct contact
- rabies virus
- capnocytophaga canimorsus
- pasteurella spp
- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus
What are 4 examples of pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact
- flea bites, mites
- fungal infection (malassezia, microsporum canis, trichophyton)
- staphyloccus aureus
- mites (cheyletiella, sarcoptes)
What are 4 examples of pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact
- flea bites, mites
- fungal infection (malassezia, microsporum canis, trichophyton)
- staphyloccus aureus
- mites (cheyletiella, sarcoptes)
What is an example of pathogens transmitted by droplet?
chlamydophila psittaci
What are three examples of pathogens transmitted by fecal-oral route?
- campylobacter
- salmonella
- giardia duodenalis
What are two examples of tick transmitted diseases?
- lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)
2. ehrlichia
What are two examples of flea transmitted diseases
- dipylidium caninum
2. bartonella henselae
What are 4 groups of people that should be considered?
- young 65 yr
- pregnant
- immunocompromised
What are 4 groups of people that should be considered?
- young 65 yr
- pregnant
- immunocompromised
What are 4 benefits of pts
- enhanced social interaction
- exercise
- improved health
- companionship
What are 12 dz associated with dog?
- Brucellosis
- Campylobacteriosis
- Rabies
- Salmonellosis
(5. Dermatophytosis
6. Ectoparasites
7. Leptospirosis
8. Hookworms
9. Roundworms
10. Whipworms
11. Mange (acariasis)
12. MRSA)
What are 15 dz associated with cats
- campylobacteriosis
- plague
- rabies
- salmonellosis
(5. cat scratch disease
6. cryptococcus
7. dermatophytosis
8. ectoparasites
9. hookworms
10. roundworms
11. mange (acariasis)
12. Q fever
13. sporotrichosis
14. toxoplasmosis
15. MRSA)
What are zoonoses in ferrets?
- campylobacteriosis
- influenza
- rabies
- salmonellosis
- tuberculosis
(6. dermatophytosis
7. ectoparasites
8. roundworms)
What are zoonoses in ferrets?
- campylobacteriosis
- influenza
- rabies
- salmonellosis
- tuberculosis
(6. dermatophytosis
7. ectoparasites
8. roundworms)
What are zoonoses in rabbits?
- salmonellosis
- tularemia
(3. cheyletiellosis
4. dermatophytosis
5. ectoparasites
6. pasteurellosis
7. sarcoptic mange)
What are zoonoses in guinea pigs
- campylobacteriosis
- salmonellosis
- tularemia
(4. chlamydiosis
5. dermatophytosis
6. ectoparasites
7. lymphocytic choriomeningitis
8. pasteurellosis
9. sarcoptic mange)
What are zoonoses in hedgehogs?
- salmonellosis
(2. dermatophytosis
3. lymphocytic choriomenigitis
4. yersiniosis)
What are zoonoses in pet birds
- campylobacteriosis
- newcastle disease
- psittacosis
- salmonellosis
- tubeculosis
(6. cryptococcosis
7. ectoparasites,
8. pasteurellosis)
What are zoonoses of reptiles and amphibians
- campylobacteriosis
- salmonellosis
(3. mycobacteriosis)
What are zoonoses of aquarium fish
- cryptosporidiosis
- salmonellosis
(3. erysipeloid
4. mycobacteriosis
5. melioidosis)
What are zoonoses of aquarium fish
- cryptosporidiosis
- salmonellosis
(3. erysipeloid
4. mycobacteriosis
5. melioidosis)
what animals have salmonella?
- fish
- reptiles and amphibians (many reptile)
- birds
- pocket pets
- dogs and cats (esp raw fed)
How is salmonella spread?
fecal-oral (ill and healthy shedders)
What is salmonella?
a gram negative enteric bacteria
What is campylobacter
a gram negative enteric bacteria
What animals carry campylobacter?
- cats and dogs (most commonly upsaliensis but also jejuni, coli)
What is leptospira interrogans?
- spiral gram negative enteric bacteria
What animals can carry leptospira?
- dogs
- horses
- pet rats
- sometimes gerbils, hamsters mice
What are the main reservoirs for leptospira
wildlife
how is leptospira shed?
in urine
What is chlamydophilia psittaci?
gram negative bacteria
What animals can carry chlamydophila psittaci
psittacines: budgies, cockatiels, lories, cockatoos, conures, amazons, african greys, lovebirds, senegals, jardines
What is the agent of lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
Where is lyme disease endemic?
Southern manitoba southern and eastern ontario southern quebec southern british columbia parts of nova scotia southern new brunswick
What ticks transmit lyme disease?
- ixodes scapularis
3. ixodes pacificus
What is the most important opportunistic gram positive bacteria?
staphylococcus aureus
Even though staph aureus is mainly a human pathogen, why is there concern regarding finding it in animals?
there can be reverse zoonosis with transmission of MRSA from humans to animals and back to people
colonized animals can be reservoirs of MRSA in the community
What causes cat scratch disease?
baronella henselae
Where is capnocytophaga canimorsus found?
dog and cat saliva
How can capnocytophaga canimorsus be transmitted, what can it cause?
- transmission by dog bite
2. can lead to sepsis in alcoholics, people with spleen removed, immunocompromised
What are the two forms of rabies?
1.
dumb rabies
(depression, hiding, wild animals lose fear of humans, paralysis)
2.
furious rabies
(excitement, aggression, alternating periods of excitement and depression, may attack objects or other animals, own limbs)
What wild animals mainly have rabies?
- raccoons
- skunks
- foxes
4 bats
What domestic animals get rabies?
- dogs
- cats
- horses
How is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus transmitted?
saliva, feces, urine, inhalation
What animals transmit lymphcytic choriomengitis virus?
pet rodents, usually hamsters
animals not clinically ill
What are 3 main dermatophytes?
- microsporum canis
- microsporum gypseum
- trichophyton mentagrophytes
What animals carry dermatophytes?
- dogs and cats
- ferrets
- rabbits
- guinea pigs
- hamsters, mice, rats
- hedgehogs
What are two major fleas?
ctenocephalides felis
ctenocephalides canis
What are three tick species?
- american dog tick–dermacentor variabilis
- brown dog tick-rhipicephalus sanguineus
- black-legged/deer tick–ixodes scapularis, pacificus
Whatare two types of mites?
- sarcoptes scabiei
2. chyeletiella
What are 4 types of worms?
- hookworms
- roundworms
- whipworms
- tape worms
What are 2 types of zoonotic protozoa?
- toxoplasmosis
2. giardia
Is disease common or uncommon with toxoplasmosis?
human exposure common
disease is uncommon
severe illness in immunocompromised
risk for pregnant women
What giardias are zoonotic?
Assemblages A1, A2, B (giardia intestinalis)
What animals transmit A1 giardia?
dogs
cats
ferrets
guinea pigs
What animals transmit B giardia?
dogs
rats
chinchillas
how is giardia transmitted?
fecal-oral (from clinically ill and healthy pets)
What are two types of roundworms?
- toxocara canis
2. toxocara cati
What are two types of hookworms?
ancylostoma caninum
uncinaria stenocephalia
Where can aberrant larval migrans go?
- cutaneous
- visceral-liver CNS
- ocular
what two groups of worms can cause larval migrans?
roundworms (toxocara)
hookworms (ancylostoma, uncinaria)
What are 5 emerging public health issues
- antimicrobial resistance
- alternative diets
- vulnerable populations
- therapy and service animals
- backyard and pet poultry