Companion animal zoonoses

Question 1

What percentage of canadian households have a dog or cat?

Answer 1

> 50%

Question 2

How many cats are there in Canada? How many dogs?

Answer 2

7-8 million; 6 millions dogs

Question 3

What are disease causing agents?

Answer 3

1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. fungi
4. parasites (a. endoparasites, b. ectoparasites)

Question 4

What are different issues with 
a. household pets
b. pet birds
c. reptiles and amphibians
d. horse
and zoonoses

Answer 4

a. 
degree/duration/intensity; 
food and treats
b. 
fecal contact
aerosolization of fecal matter
c. 
habitat contamination 
fecal contamination
d. 
nasal/facial contact
fecal contamination
international movement

Question 5

What are 5 ways of transmission?

Answer 5

1. aerosol
2. oral
3. vectors
4. direct contact
5. fomites

Question 6

what are 5 examples of pathogens transmitted by direct contact

Answer 6

1. rabies virus
2. capnocytophaga canimorsus
3. pasteurella spp
4. staphylococcus aureus
5. streptococcus

Question 7

What are 4 examples of pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact

Answer 7

1. flea bites, mites
2. fungal infection (malassezia, microsporum canis, trichophyton)
3. staphyloccus aureus
4. mites (cheyletiella, sarcoptes)

Question 8

What are 4 examples of pathogens transmitted by direct or indirect contact

Answer 8

1. flea bites, mites
2. fungal infection (malassezia, microsporum canis, trichophyton)
3. staphyloccus aureus
4. mites (cheyletiella, sarcoptes)

Question 9

What is an example of pathogens transmitted by droplet?

Answer 9

chlamydophila psittaci

Question 10

What are three examples of pathogens transmitted by fecal-oral route?

Answer 10

1. campylobacter
2. salmonella
3. giardia duodenalis

Question 11

What are two examples of tick transmitted diseases?

Answer 11

1. lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)

2. ehrlichia

Question 12

What are two examples of flea transmitted diseases

Answer 12

1. dipylidium caninum

2. bartonella henselae

Question 13

What are 4 groups of people that should be considered?

Answer 13

1. young 65 yr
2. pregnant
3. immunocompromised

Question 14

What are 4 groups of people that should be considered?

Answer 14

1. young 65 yr
2. pregnant
3. immunocompromised

Question 15

What are 4 benefits of pts

Answer 15

1. enhanced social interaction
2. exercise
3. improved health
4. companionship

Question 16

What are 12 dz associated with dog?

Answer 16

1. Brucellosis
2. Campylobacteriosis
3. Rabies
4. Salmonellosis

(5. Dermatophytosis
6. Ectoparasites
7. Leptospirosis
8. Hookworms
9. Roundworms
10. Whipworms
11. Mange (acariasis)
12. MRSA)

Question 17

What are 15 dz associated with cats

Answer 17

1. campylobacteriosis
2. plague
3. rabies
4. salmonellosis

(5. cat scratch disease
6. cryptococcus
7. dermatophytosis
8. ectoparasites
9. hookworms
10. roundworms
11. mange (acariasis)
12. Q fever
13. sporotrichosis
14. toxoplasmosis
15. MRSA)

Question 18

What are zoonoses in ferrets?

Answer 18

1. campylobacteriosis
2. influenza
3. rabies
4. salmonellosis
5. tuberculosis

(6. dermatophytosis
7. ectoparasites
8. roundworms)

Question 19

What are zoonoses in ferrets?

Answer 19

1. campylobacteriosis
2. influenza
3. rabies
4. salmonellosis
5. tuberculosis

(6. dermatophytosis
7. ectoparasites
8. roundworms)

Question 20

What are zoonoses in rabbits?

Answer 20

1. salmonellosis
2. tularemia

(3. cheyletiellosis
4. dermatophytosis
5. ectoparasites
6. pasteurellosis
7. sarcoptic mange)

Question 21

What are zoonoses in guinea pigs

Answer 21

1. campylobacteriosis
2. salmonellosis
3. tularemia

(4. chlamydiosis
5. dermatophytosis
6. ectoparasites
7. lymphocytic choriomeningitis
8. pasteurellosis
9. sarcoptic mange)

Question 22

What are zoonoses in hedgehogs?

Answer 22

1. salmonellosis

(2. dermatophytosis
3. lymphocytic choriomenigitis
4. yersiniosis)

Question 23

What are zoonoses in pet birds

Answer 23

1. campylobacteriosis
2. newcastle disease
3. psittacosis
4. salmonellosis
5. tubeculosis

(6. cryptococcosis
7. ectoparasites,
8. pasteurellosis)

Question 24

What are zoonoses of reptiles and amphibians

Answer 24

1. campylobacteriosis
2. salmonellosis

(3. mycobacteriosis)

Question 25

What are zoonoses of aquarium fish

Answer 25

1. cryptosporidiosis 2. salmonellosis (3. erysipeloid 4. mycobacteriosis 5. melioidosis)

Question 26

What are zoonoses of aquarium fish

Answer 26

1. cryptosporidiosis 2. salmonellosis (3. erysipeloid 4. mycobacteriosis 5. melioidosis)

Question 27

what animals have salmonella?

Answer 27

1. fish 2. reptiles and amphibians (many reptile) 3. birds 4. pocket pets 5. dogs and cats (esp raw fed)

Question 28

How is salmonella spread?

Answer 28

fecal-oral (ill and healthy shedders)

Question 29

What is salmonella?

Answer 29

a gram negative enteric bacteria

Question 30

What is campylobacter

Answer 30

a gram negative enteric bacteria

Question 31

What animals carry campylobacter?

Answer 31

1. cats and dogs (most commonly upsaliensis but also jejuni, coli)

Question 32

What is leptospira interrogans?

Answer 32

1. spiral gram negative enteric bacteria

Question 33

What animals can carry leptospira?

Answer 33

1. dogs 2. horses 3. pet rats 4. sometimes gerbils, hamsters mice

Question 34

What are the main reservoirs for leptospira

Answer 34

wildlife

Question 35

how is leptospira shed?

Answer 35

in urine

Question 36

What is chlamydophilia psittaci?

Answer 36

gram negative bacteria

Question 37

What animals can carry chlamydophila psittaci

Answer 37

psittacines: budgies, cockatiels, lories, cockatoos, conures, amazons, african greys, lovebirds, senegals, jardines

Question 38

What is the agent of lyme disease?

Answer 38

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 39

Where is lyme disease endemic?

Answer 39

``` Southern manitoba southern and eastern ontario southern quebec southern british columbia parts of nova scotia southern new brunswick ```

Question 40

What ticks transmit lyme disease?

Answer 40

1. ixodes scapularis | 3. ixodes pacificus

Question 41

What is the most important opportunistic gram positive bacteria?

Answer 41

staphylococcus aureus

Question 42

Even though staph aureus is mainly a human pathogen, why is there concern regarding finding it in animals?

Answer 42

there can be reverse zoonosis with transmission of MRSA from humans to animals and back to people colonized animals can be reservoirs of MRSA in the community

Question 43

What causes cat scratch disease?

Answer 43

baronella henselae

Question 44

Where is capnocytophaga canimorsus found?

Answer 44

dog and cat saliva

Question 45

How can capnocytophaga canimorsus be transmitted, what can it cause?

Answer 45

1. transmission by dog bite | 2. can lead to sepsis in alcoholics, people with spleen removed, immunocompromised

Question 46

What are the two forms of rabies?

Answer 46

1. dumb rabies (depression, hiding, wild animals lose fear of humans, paralysis) 2. furious rabies (excitement, aggression, alternating periods of excitement and depression, may attack objects or other animals, own limbs)

Question 47

What wild animals mainly have rabies?

Answer 47

1. raccoons 2. skunks 3. foxes 4 bats

Question 48

What domestic animals get rabies?

Answer 48

1. dogs 2. cats 3. horses

Question 49

How is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus transmitted?

Answer 49

saliva, feces, urine, inhalation

Question 50

What animals transmit lymphcytic choriomengitis virus?

Answer 50

pet rodents, usually hamsters | animals not clinically ill

Question 51

What are 3 main dermatophytes?

Answer 51

1. microsporum canis 2. microsporum gypseum 3. trichophyton mentagrophytes

Question 52

What animals carry dermatophytes?

Answer 52

1. dogs and cats 2. ferrets 3. rabbits 4. guinea pigs 5. hamsters, mice, rats 6. hedgehogs

Question 53

What are two major fleas?

Answer 53

ctenocephalides felis | ctenocephalides canis

Question 54

What are three tick species?

Answer 54

1. american dog tick--dermacentor variabilis 2. brown dog tick-rhipicephalus sanguineus 3. black-legged/deer tick--ixodes scapularis, pacificus

Question 55

Whatare two types of mites?

Answer 55

1. sarcoptes scabiei | 2. chyeletiella

Question 56

What are 4 types of worms?

Answer 56

1. hookworms 2. roundworms 3. whipworms 4. tape worms

Question 57

What are 2 types of zoonotic protozoa?

Answer 57

1. toxoplasmosis | 2. giardia

Question 58

Is disease common or uncommon with toxoplasmosis?

Answer 58

human exposure common disease is uncommon severe illness in immunocompromised risk for pregnant women

Question 59

What giardias are zoonotic?

Answer 59

Assemblages A1, A2, B (giardia intestinalis)

Question 60

What animals transmit A1 giardia?

Answer 60

dogs cats ferrets guinea pigs

Question 61

What animals transmit B giardia?

Answer 61

dogs rats chinchillas

Question 62

how is giardia transmitted?

Answer 62

fecal-oral (from clinically ill and healthy pets)

Question 63

What are two types of roundworms?

Answer 63

1. toxocara canis | 2. toxocara cati

Question 64

What are two types of hookworms?

Answer 64

ancylostoma caninum | uncinaria stenocephalia

Question 65

Where can aberrant larval migrans go?

Answer 65

1. cutaneous 2. visceral-liver CNS 3. ocular

Question 66

what two groups of worms can cause larval migrans?

Answer 66

roundworms (toxocara) | hookworms (ancylostoma, uncinaria)

Question 67

What are 5 emerging public health issues

Answer 67

1. antimicrobial resistance 2. alternative diets 3. vulnerable populations 4. therapy and service animals 5. backyard and pet poultry