Infection control and prevention Flashcards
What is infection control?
the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection, a practical sub-discipline of –does not take into account vet environments
In general, how do we do infection control?
universal precautions (handwashing, PPE, cleaning and disinfection) specific measures (that require knowledge of the pathogen)
What is the difference between cleaning and disinfection?
- cleaning: removing organic matter
2. disinfection-killing microorganisms
what are 6 modes of transmission and an example of each for human med
- fecal/oral-pinworm
- food–trichinella
- aerosols–influenza
- blood–hepatitis C
- sexual–HIV
- vector–Lyme disease
what are 6 modes of transmission and an example of each for vet med
- fecal/oral–canine arvovirus
- food–diphyllobothrium
- aerosols–foot and mouth disease
- blood–equine infecitous anemia (vector)
- sexual–transmissible venereal tumor
- vector–heartworm
What are the features of canine parvovirus?
- vomiting and diarrhea
2. most common in pups
What are the features of equine infectious anemia?
- retrovirus
- reportable disease
- anorexia, fever jaundice, abortion
- clinical disease associated with stress
- transmitted by transfer of blood 6. lifelong carriers
What are some methods to control canine parvovirus?
- isolation
- use of PPE
- dedicated staff
What are some methods to control equine infectious anemia?
- ID positive animals
- destruction of animals
- don’t use same needle multiple times
- strict isolation in a fly proof barn
What are two features about pathogen/outbreak that must be known for control?
- understanding pathogen lifestyle
2. identify the source of the infection
What are two features about pathogen/outbreak that must be known for control?
- understanding pathogen lifestyle
2. identify the source of the infection
What are three possible sources of hospital infection?
autoinfection
spread from another animal
common 3rd source
What is a disease outbreak?
the occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected
or a single case of a communicable disease long absent from a population or caused by an agent not previously recognized in that area
How do you distinguish outbreak from coincidence?
epidemiology: etiology, temporal relationships, other associations
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using phenotypic susceptibility testing?
advantages
- information you already have
- quick
- cheap
disadvantages
1. resistance phenotype is a VERY POOR indicator of relatedness
