SRM and rendering Flashcards
what is rendering
cooking, drying and separating process that uses animal and poultry by-products including bone, fat, hide and feathers to produce purified fat and protein products
What is a rendering plant?
where animal by-products are prepared or treated for use in, or converted into fertilizers, animal food, fat or oils, other than fats or oils used for human consumption. stored, packed or marked, shipped.
What is an animal by-product?
includes blood or any of its components, bones, bristles, feathers, flesh, hair, hides, hoofs, horns, offal, skins and wool and anything that contains any of those things
what is rendering?
a process of both physical and chemical transformation using a variety of equipment and process. All processes involve the application of heat, the extraction of moister and the separation of fat. temperature and length of time are critical–determin quality
The raw material is made up of what?
67% water
15% fats and tallow
18% protein
What are the benefits of rendering?
- materials much more resistant to spoiling
- fat can be used in animal feed, soap making, candles or as raw material for bio-diesel or chemical industry
- protein meals used in animal feed and fertilizer
- economical waste disposal of waste animal material
What does the rendering process convert raw animal tissue into?
- protein products (granular meals)
2. fat products (varying grades)
85% of rendering animal by-products are used as what?
animal feed ingredients
What are the % live weight material not consumed by people
- 49% of cattle
- 44% of pigs
- 37% of broilers
- 57% of fish
What are the % live weight material not consumed by people
- 49% of cattle
- 44% of pigs
- 37% of broilers
- 57% of fish
What do raw materials include?
- abattoir offal
- dead stock & other inedible animal tissues
- blood
- feathers
- hair
- meat trimmings from butcher shops, grocer stores
- restaurant grease and other used fats
- wastewater treatment solids
- recovered materials (e.g. spillage)
What is the basic production process of rendering
- raw material receiving
- grinding
- cooking
- pressing (separates protein and fat)
- protein gets ground
6 both fat and protein get stored and shipped
What does particle size dictate?
the thermal efficiency of the system
What is a continuous cooker?
an agitated vessel generally heated by boiler steam
What temperature does the continuous cooker bring the raw material to?
115-150 degrees for 45-90 minutes
What are cracklings?
protein solids after they have been through the press
What is the acceptible level of impurities in fat?
What is the objective of storage/shipping of finished products
handled in equipment that minimizes risk of contamination
- proper construction
- ventilation to prevent condensation
- inspection points
- emptied and cleaned regularly
What must delivery vehicles do?
- inspected to ensure cleanliness
2. dedicated to the delivery of prohibited material non-prohibited material separately or be cleaned in between
What is the feed usage of fat
- energy density
- essential fatty acids
- palatability
- dust control
- lubrication
- reduce particle separation
What is the feed usage of fat
- energy density
- essential fatty acids
- palatability
- dust control
- lubrication
- reduce particle separation
Does colour of the fat affect the nutritional value of fat?
no, but it can be a consideration in pet foods and other consumer oriented products because of potential appearance
What do high levels of fatty acids in fat indicate?
fat exposed to
1. water
2. acids
3 enzymes
Why is moisture undesirable in fat?
- encourages bacterial growth
2. encourages fat-splitting enzymes
What can be added to fats and oils to prevent deterioration
antioxidants
What are 7 types of protein meal?
- mammalian by-products
- poultry meal
- fish meal
- blood meal
- pure porcine meal
- lamb meal and bone meal (not readily available, favoured by pet food industry)
What does protein meal supply (in feeds)
- concentrated protein
- bypass protein
- digestible phosphorus
- minerals
- palatability
What is meat and bone meal
product obtained by rendering animal tissues (not hair, hoof, horn, hide, manure, stomach contents, no added blood meal)
What is feather meal?
a product obtained by hydrolyzing feathers from slaugthered poultry
What is feather meal?
a product obtained by hydrolyzing feathers from slaughtered poultry
What is blood meal
product obtained from clean fresh blood
What is quality affected by?
- raw product consistency
- raw product freshness
- processing
- storage
when was there a ban on MBM use in ruminant feed?
1997
When was there a SRM ban in human food chain?
2003
When was there a complete SRM ban?
2007
When is canadas eligibility for OIE negligible risk status?
2015
What is SRM specified risk material
- in cattle aged 30 months or older
a. skull
b. brain
c. trigeminal ganglia
d. eyes
e. tonsils
f. spinal cord
g. dorsal root ganglia
w. ileum of all ages
What was the enhanced feed ban in 207
banned SRM from animal feed and fertiler
prevents SRM from entering animal food and decrease the risk associated with misfeeding and cross contamination
What is the role of veterarians
- facilitate with clients
- educate producers
- remove SRMs
- training feedlots and abattoirs
- maintain records
- become permitted salvage premises
- utilize clinic/property to control SRM
- facilitate transportation permits
Why is a purple dye put on the spinal column?
s that it is not fed to anything, just gets renderd and buried
How is air pollution controlled? (odor dust)
- filters
- cyclones
- scrubbers–wet scrubbers, scubbing solutions
bleach solution that rains down
What fat is high;y prized?
poultry fat
how is that fat made liquid to pump?
steam jackets
When did case 1 (BSE) in canada occur? when was it born?
2003, 1997
What level is canada at for (BSE)
controled risk
