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Public Health > Emerging disease and international veterinary public health > Flashcards

Emerging disease and international veterinary public health Flashcards

1
Q

why are we talking about emerginc infectious diseases now

A
  1. caught us by surprise
  2. cost billions of dollars
  3. created public fear
  4. created political pressure to respond
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2
Q

What is an emerging infectious disease? (5 definitions)

A
  1. appears for first time in population
  2. existed but is rapidly increasing in prevalence
  3. expanded host range
  4. changed in virulence or resistance
  5. newly discovered agent
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3
Q

Are all emerging diseases infectious and zoonotic?

A

not always

  1. FIV in cat in BC
  2. snake fungal disease
  3. contaminants of feminization
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4
Q

What has most emerging infectious disease focused on?

A
  1. finding it soon

2. predicting it

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5
Q

What do we know about dealing with emerging infectious diseases

A
  1. EIDs are emerging in complex socio-economic interactions
  2. resilient systems better able ti withstand change
  3. prevention better than cure
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6
Q

What is key to preventing emerging infectious disease?

A

agreed actions (policy)

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7
Q

What is the current issue with EID programs?

A

not efficient/based on evidence/reviewed

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8
Q

What are the 4 main domains of emergency management

A
  1. prevention
  2. preparedness
  3. response
  4. recovery
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9
Q

What are the 4 main domains of emergency management

A
  1. prevention
  2. preparedness
  3. response
  4. recovery
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10
Q

what are elements of preparedness? (3)

A
  1. biomedical systems
  2. resilient communities
  3. communications systems
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11
Q

What does enhanced security need?

A
  1. access to vet services
  2. education and support for animal husbandry and care
  3. vaccine production and evaluation and contingency plans if new vaccines needed
  4. plans for vaccine distribution
  5. adverse event surveillance
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12
Q

Why is communication important?

A

have to be open and honest and think about who speaking to so that people are informed, address concerns,

  1. plan ahead
  2. communicate responsibly
  3. minimize harm
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13
Q

What is the challenge/disconnect in communication between scientist/expert and consumer/public?

A
  1. scientist expert “thinks, knows” and fact-based

2. consumer public “feels, believes: value based

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14
Q

what are three methods/targets for response?

A
  1. find, reduce infectious
  2. stop spread
  3. protect susceptible
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15
Q

What is the vest epidemiological model to remember?

A

C is proportional to E x S

cases are proportional to exposure x susceptible

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16
Q

How do you respond to and contain an attack?

A
  1. find cases (C)
  2. reduce exposure (E)
  3. reduce suceptibility (S)
17
Q

What does culling and disposal require?

A
  1. legal authority
  2. social licence
  3. mechanisms to distribute
  4. equipment for humane slaughter and occupational safety
  5. plans for methods and location of disposal (environmental impact)
18
Q

What takes more effort, emergency response or recovery?

A

recovery

19
Q

What is the value of preparedness?

A

it speeds the recovery from crisis

20
Q

What is a knowable surprise in retrospect but eluded detection. What is the necessary response?

A
  1. bat associated (SARS, nipah, hendra)

2. connecting speicalized pools of knowledge, changing governance

21
Q

What was a surprise where failed to recognize an actional signal or did not respond despite warning? What is the necessary response?

A
  1. west nile in new york

2. making specialized generalists (one health)

22
Q

What was a surprise that had unanticipated consequences and what is the necessary response

A
  1. ebola and EU fishing policy

2. bild resilience against the unpredictable

23
Q

why is important to have healthy livestock, proper management

A

because a large burden of disease is from endemic zoonoses

24
Q

Why is zoonoses a cause of poverty?

A

because the burden of zoonoses falls on the poor

25
Q

What general groups of tropical diseases are important?

A
  1. protozoa
  2. viruses
  3. bacteria
  4. helminths
26
Q

What are 8 millennium development goals?

A
  1. eradicate extreme poverty and hungar
  2. universal primary education
  3. promote gender equality and empower women
  4. reduce child mortality
  5. improve maternal health
  6. combate HIV, AIDs, malaria, others
  7. ensure environmental sustainability
  8. global partnerhsip for development
27
Q

How can maternal and child health be improved?

A

by providing animal protein

28
Q

How can animals help a mother?

A
  1. available and nutritious animal based foods
  2. goat and cow milk availability supplements beast milk
  3. animals can help in work
  4. animals provide income for health care
29
Q

What can increase production per acre?

A

adding fish into some livestock production farms

but need infrastructure, experience

30
Q

What can financial capital be?

A
  1. cash from animal use

2. animals themselves (domestic and wild)

31
Q

How can female headed households in sri lanka make money?

A

by low cost fish farming

32
Q

What is the problem of pigs in nepal?

A
  1. historically only lower castes would deal with them
  2. government goal to give families pigs for more income?
  3. but without education and with poverty do not have resources/knowledge
  4. opportunities for zoonoses to flourish
33
Q

How do ornamental fish farms prevent environmental degradation? how does it cause degratation

A

prevent

  1. reduce capture of wild fish
  2. positive effects of impacts on wild fish

cause
1. negative impacts from inappropriate drug and chemical use, release of wastes and release of pathogens

34
Q

Why do goats and sheep help Massai communities in kenya

A
  1. polygamous culture

2. wife access to income from small ruminants allows to pay for children’s books and school uniforms

35
Q

what is veterinary public health?

A

the organized efforts of the animal health community to reduce prematures human deaths, reduce human disease and help people thrive

Public Health (15 decks)

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