Food-borne illness Flashcards
How has globalization changed the type of food outbreaks we see?
- food supply and sources has changed and ingredients can come from everywhere
- geographically dispersed cases
- introduction of new pathogens
What are 4 changes that have changed the epidemiology of food-borne disease and its detection?
- intensification and concentration of food production
- changing in eating patterns–healthier, ready-to-eat–outbreaks
- changes in populations, pathogens and environment–vulnerable populations, emerging pathogens–more severe outomes
- advances in diagnostic tools–PFGE, MLVA, WGS
What was the source of the E. coli O104: H4 outbreak in germany and france? what did it cause in patients?
- sprouts
2. hemolytic uremic syndrome (high rate) and bloody diarrhea
Why was international coordination required in the germany france outbreak of O104:H4?
beacuse people were travelling in and out of the country to other countries
Why was the O104:H4 e coli strain in germany and france unusual?
because it usually causes chronic mild disease
but acquired ability to produce shiga toxin and there was a high insidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome in adult women, rather than in the very young and very old
What are 5 examples of partners in food safety in canada?
- industry
- consumer
- local public health/regional public health authorities
- provincial/territorial governments
- federal government (CFIA, health canada, public health agency of canada)
What is surveillance?
ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health
What are 8 uses of public health surveillance data?
- establish baseline
- understand trends and patterns
- detect outbreak, emergence
What are 8 uses of public health surveillance data?
- establish baseline
- understand trends and patterns
- detect outbreak, emergence
- estimate magnitude/burden
- identify resources needed during and after emerencies
- determine the national history of dz
- stimulate research, set research priorities
- ID and implement targeted intervention strategies/policies
At what levels is surveillance for food-borne disease performed?
- local
- provinical
- international
How is surveillance for foodborne disease performed?
- passive
- active
a. lab
b. community
c. sydromic
d. integrated
What are 5 examples of human food-borne pathogens in canada>
- campylobacter
- cryptosporidim
- giardia
- listeria monocytogenes
- salmonella non-typhoidal
What is the national enteric surveillance program (NESP)?
- every wweek each province/territory lab send in aggregated count of all pathogens of notifiable diseases
- compiled nationally
- overseen by epidemiologist–runs analysis to see if baseline or above
What is pulseNet Canada?
a large respository of PFGE data from each respective juricdiction. standardized methodologgy for main enteric pathogens.
can be used to compare isolates and look for common fingerprints.
Where is pulseNEt canada located?
in winnipeg
What feeds into PulseNet canada?
- provincial labs
- CFIA labs
can also talk to CDC and internationally to look at fingerprints - can also have environmental swabs–eg processing facility
What is FoodNet Canada?
- intergrated surveillance at sentinel sites
- monitors trends in human enteric disease, risk factors and sources of exposure within communities. in Ontario, BC, alberta
- takes an comprehensive look–interviews people, take samples from environment, key commodities
What is CIPARS
Canadaian integrated program for antimicrobial resistance surveillance
1. monitors trends in antimicrobial use an dresistance in human and agri-food sectors
What is CNDSS
Canadian notifiable disease surveillance system
1. collects the number of lab confirmed illnesses reported to local public health units/regions to provincial public health authorities and to the national level on an annual basis
What is the Enhanced National Listeriosis Surveillance
collects detailed case level data from invasive listeriosis cases in paritcipating provinces
how many domestically acquired food-borne illnesses occur each ear in canada?
4 million
What are the 4 pathogens that cause the greatest number of food borne illnesses?
- norovirus
- c. perfringens
- campylobacter
- salmonella (non-typhoidal)
What are the 4 pathogens that cause the greatest number of food borne illnesses?
- norovirus
- c. perfringens
- campylobacter
- salmonella (non-typhoidal)
For every lab diagnosed case of e. coli O157 and salmonella, how many are there in the community?
- e. coli O157: 20
2. salmonella: 26
For every lab diagnosed case of e. coli O157 and salmonella, how many are there in the community?
- e. coli O157: 20
2. salmonella: 26
What are the steps of a food-borne outbreak investigation
- detect possible outbreak
- define and find cases
- generate hypotheses/hypothesis generating interview
- test hypothesis
- find the point of contamination and source
- control
- decide outbreak over
What is a foodborne-disease outbreak?
an incident where two or more persons experience a similar illness resulting from ingestion of a common food (CDC)
or the observed number of cases of a particular disease exceeds the expected number
List in order of discriminatory power the different IDing methods
- DNA sequencing
- PFGE
- phage typing
- antimicrobial resistance profiling, plasmid profiling
- serotyping
List in order of discriminatory power the different IDing methods
- DNA sequencing
- PFGE
- phage typing
- antimicrobial resistance profiling, plasmid profiling
- serotyping
What are 3 points on the triagnle of foodborne outbreak investigation?
- epidemiologic investigation
- laboratory investigation
- food safety/environmental investigation
What are 3 points on the triagnle of foodborne outbreak investigation?
- epidemiologic investigation
- laboratory investigation
- food safety/environmental investigation
