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Therapeautic Exercise II > Vestibular System (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Vestibular System (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

2nd most common health complaint in the US.

A

Dizziness

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2
Q

Leading cause of falls for elderly.

A

Dizziness

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3
Q

_____ related falls account for greater than one-half of accidental deaths in the elderly.

A

Balance

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4
Q

Describe everything from feeling faint, weak, unsteady, experiencing blurred vision, or vertigo.

A

Dizziness

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5
Q

Feelings of dizziness may stem from?

A

Medication side effects. Head or neck injuries. Brain disorders. Body’s sensory information. Vestibular system.

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6
Q

Information about the body position relative to the environment. Depth, velocity, and motion perception.

A

Visual System

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7
Q

Information about movement of body parts in relation to other body parts. Information about pressure changes from ground.

A

Somatosensory System (Proprioception)

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8
Q

Inner ear mechanism monitoring head position.

A

Vestibular System

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9
Q

3 Primary Functions of Vestibular System

A

Stabilize vision during head movement. Maintain postural stability. Provide information for spatial orientation.

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10
Q

4 paired nuclei. Destination of vestibular primary afferents. Primary processor of vestibular input. Implements direct, fast connections between incoming vestibular information and outgoing motor response.

A

Vestibular Nuclear Complex

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11
Q

“Real Time” Processor. Monitors vestibular performance and adjusts central processing. Major recipient of information from vestibular nuclear complex. Processes visual, somatosensory, and vestibular sensory information.

A

Cerebellum

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12
Q

Houses vestibular apparatus.

A

Labyrinth

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13
Q

Sense rotation motion.

A

Semicircular Canals

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14
Q

Sense linear acceleration.

A

Otolith Organs

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15
Q

Communicate vestibular information to vestibular nuclei.

A

Eighth Cranial Nerve.

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16
Q

Named for complexity of convoluted shape. Located deep within the temporal bone. Continuous with cochlea. Uses specialized sensory (hair) cells to transduce physical motion into neural impulses. Houses the vestibular apparatus.

A

Labyrinth

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17
Q

Sense rotation. 3 canals in each ear. Perpendicular. Functionally paired canals.

A

Semicircular Canals (SCC)

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18
Q

3 Canals In Each Ear.

A

Anterior, Horizontal, Posterior

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19
Q

Left Anterior

A

Right Posterior

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20
Q

Left Posterior

A

Right Anterior

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21
Q

Left Horizontal

A

Right Horizontal

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22
Q

Enlargement at base of each SCC. Contains cupula.

A

Ampulla

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23
Q

Gelatinous barrier containing hair cells.

A

Cupula

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24
Q

Kinocilia

A

Larger

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25
Q

Stereocilia

A

Smaller

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26
Q

Sensory organ of rotation. Hair cells rest on crista ampullaris.

A

Crista Ampullaris

27
Q

Slightly more dense than water. Travels feely around SCCs in response to head motion.

A

Endolymph

28
Q

Stereocilia deflect toward kinocilia.

A

Excitation

29
Q

Stereocilia deflect away from kinocilia.

A

Inhibition

30
Q

Stimulation of CNVII results in _____.

A

Eye movement.

31
Q

Deflection of the stereocilia caused by motion of the endolymph results in stimulation of _____.

A

CNVIII (Cranial Nerve 8)

32
Q

Sense linear acceleration. Are sac like structures. Contain macula (sensory receptor).

A

Otoliths

33
Q

2 Otolith Organs

A

Utricle, Saccule

34
Q

Horizontal linear acceleration.

A

Utricle

35
Q

Vertical linear acceleration.

A

Saccule

36
Q

Located in each otolith organ. Consists of hair projecting from hair cells. Hairs in gelatinous membrane. Hairs are topped with otoconia (crystals).

A

Macula

37
Q

Changing head position tilt the ____. Weight of otoconia displaces gelatin. Displaced gelatin bends hairs. Bending hairs signal vestibular nerve.

A

Macula

38
Q

Sensory nerve arising from the brainstem. Splits into 2 portions (cochlear, vestibular) upon entering inner ear.

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

39
Q

Carries information about hearing.

A

Cochlear Nerve

40
Q

Carries information about balance.

A

Vestibular Nerve.

41
Q

Transmits sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain.

A

CNVIII

42
Q

Symptoms of CNVIII Damage

A

Hearing loss. Ringing of the ears. Nausea. Severe dizziness. Difficulty maintaining balance.

43
Q

Reduces the appropriate neural output for spatial orientation, postural control, and eye movement control. (Peripheral or Central Origin)

A

Vestibular Dysfunction

44
Q

Individuals with Vestibular Dysfunction Symptoms

A

Faitness, lightheadedness, imbalance, falls, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, vertigo. Symptoms typical increase with body movements.

45
Q

Involves the vestibular nuclear complex and the cerebellum, as well as structures of the reticular activation system, midbrain, and higher centers of cortical function.

A

Central Pathology

46
Q

Affects integration and processing of sensory input. Head trauma, brainstem strokes, MS, cerebellar degeneration.

A

Central Pathology

47
Q

Involves the inner ear vestibular structures as well as the vestibular portion of the CNVIII.

A

Peripheral Pathology

48
Q

Diminishes available sensory information regarding head position and movement. Vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, meniere’s disease, BPPV, vestibular hypo function, labyrinthectomy.

A

Peripheral Pathology

49
Q

Direction of Nystagmus

A

Changing (Central)

Fixed (Peripheral)

50
Q

Provoked by Motion

A

No (Central)

Yes (Peripheral)

51
Q

Effect of Visual Fixation

A

Increased (Central)

Decreased (Peripheral)

52
Q

Visual Pursuit

A

Abnormal (Central)

Normal (Peripheral)

53
Q

VOR (Vestibular Occular Reflex) Cancellation

A

Abnormal (Central)

Normal (Peripheral)

54
Q

Generally caused by a virus. Acute onset lasting 2-3 days.

A

Inflammation of Vestibular Nerve. Vestibular Neuritis.

55
Q

Associated with inner ear infection. Acute onset lasting 1-4 days.

A

Inflammation of Labyrinth

56
Q

Associated with abnormal inner ear fluid pressure. Etiology unknown.

A

Meinere’s Disease

57
Q

Non-malignant. Sudden onset. Provoked by head motion. Intense rotation sensation. Associated with otoconia displacement. Vertigo lasting less than 2 minutes.

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

58
Q

Falling toward impairment. Affected side is not functioning at normal levels. Causes imbalance of information. Unilaterally or Bilaterally. Bilateral loss eliminates internal sense of gravity. Associated with infection.

A

Vestibular Hypofunction

59
Q

Destroys the entire labyrinth.

A

Labyrinthectomy

60
Q

Slowing growing tumor on the CNVIII. Not cancerous.

A

Acoustic Neuroma

61
Q

Quick, simultaneous movements of both eyes in the same direction that serve as a mechanism for fixation.

A

Saccades

62
Q

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to maintain binocular vision.

A

Vergence

63
Q

One eye one way and other eye the other way.

A

Divergence

64
Q

Rapid, rhythmic, involuntary coupled movement of the eyes. Side-side, up-down, circular.

A

Nystagmus

Therapeautic Exercise II (11 decks)

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