Different Pathologies (Exam 3)

Question 1

A specific type of virus (retrovirus).

Answer 1

HIV

Question 2

HIV

Answer 2

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 3

HIV invades the helper _____ cells to replicate itself.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

HIV is the virus that causes _____.

Answer 4

AIDS

Question 5

AIDS

Answer 5

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 6

Disease limits the body’s ability ____.

Answer 6

To fight infection.

Question 7

A person with AIDS has a very weak _____.

Answer 7

Immune system.

Question 8

HIV and AIDS cure or no cure?

Answer 8

No cure.

Question 9

Short, flu-like illness, occurs one to six weeks after infection. Could have no symptoms at all. Infected person can infect other people.

Answer 9

Stage 1 Primary HIV

Question 10

Lasts for an average of ten years. This stage is free from symptoms. There may be swollen glands. The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels. HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood.

Answer 10

Stage 2 Asymptomatic HIV

Question 11

Symptoms are mild. Immune system deteriorates. Emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers.

Answer 11

Stage 3 Symptomatic HIV

Question 12

Immune system weakens. lllness becomes more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis.

Answer 12

Stage 4 HIV - AIDS

Question 13

Tuberculosis (TB), Strep Pneumonia.

Answer 13

Bacterial Opportunitsic Infections

Question 14

Kaposi Sarcoma, Herpes, Influenza (Flu).

Answer 14

Viral Opportnistic Infections

Question 15

Pneuomycitis Carinii

Answer 15

Parasitic Opportnistic Infections

Question 16

Candida, Cryptococcus.

Answer 16

Fungal Opportnistic Infections

Question 17

Modes of Transmission Body Fluids

Answer 17

Blood products, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk.

Question 18

Modes of Transmission IV Drug Use

Answer 18

Sharing needles.

Question 19

Modes of Transmission Sex

Answer 19

Oral, Anal, Intercourse, Finger

Question 20

Modes of Transmission Mother-to-Baby

Answer 20

Before, During, After Birth

Question 21

Increase muscle mass that boosts total amount of energy body produces. Elevated energy levels enhance immune system. Reduces cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Protect against the associated risk of heart disease.

Answer 21

Exercise for HIV/AIDS

Question 22

Decrease fatigue, regulate bowel function, improve mental outlook, increase bone density, protection against osteoporosis, improved circulation, heart capacity, and lung function, beneficial sleep, stronger self-image, self-confidence.

Answer 22

Exercise for HIV/AIDS

Question 23

Adds density and bulk to the muscles in your body. This type of exercise probably the most important for people with HIV.

Answer 23

Resistive Exercise (Weight training)

Question 24

This type of exercise good for immune system, decreases risk of heart disease, weight management.

Answer 24

Aerobic Exercise for AIDS/HIV

Question 25

Every other day. Start with warm-up. 30-40 minutes. Alternate cardio and weights.

Answer 25

Exercise Principles for AIDS/HIV

Question 26

Chronic renal failure with diminisehd renal fucntion, requiring renal replacement therapy such as dialysis or transplantation.

Answer 26

End-Stage Renal Disease

Question 27

Hypertension, diabetes, chronic, infection, congential abnormalities, autoimmune processess.

Answer 27

Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease

Question 28

Patients who ____ during dialysis have fewer episodes of low systolic blood pressure that required treament during dialysis.

Answer 28

Exercise

Question 29

Improves phosphorus levels, stabilizes blood pressure, and reduces number of low blood pressure episodes, improves blood glucose levels. Improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, improves strength, endurance, flexibility, improves energy levels, increases exercise capacity by 21-25%, helps patients get back to work. Improves ability to care for themselves, prolong life, improved quality of life.

Answer 29

Exercise for End-Stage Renal Disease

Question 30

Fatigue, anorexia, nausea, malaise, edema, dyspnoes. Physical functioning and performance decreased.

Answer 30

Symptoms End Stage Renal Disease

Question 31

Keep or improve physical abilities, better balance, lowers fall risks, broken bones, keep muscles from wasting due to inactivity, lower risk of heart diease. Less risk of osteoporosis, better blood flow, lower risk of blood clots, less dependence for ADLs, improved self-esteem. Lower anxiety and depression, less nausea, better social contacts, less fatigue, better weight control, improved quailtiy of life.

Answer 31

Exercise and Cancer

Question 32

Do not exercise if patient has anemia (low RBC). Low WBC. Meds that reduce ability to fight infection, avoid public gyms. Sodium or potassium levels are not normal. Uneven surfaces, any exercise that could cause falls. Do not use heavy weights, or exercises that put too much stress on the bones. Numbness in the feet or problems with balance high risk for falls. Swollen ankles, weight gain, shortness of breath, bleeding.

Answer 32

Exercise precautions during cancer.

Question 33

Maintain endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, level of functioning.

Answer 33

Effective exercise for cancer.

Question 34

Short periods with frequent rest breaks, three 10-minute sessions. Cardiovascular, endurance, aerobic fitness. Keep lean muscle mass, bone strength, resistance or light weights. Increase flexibiliy and maintain the range of motion in joints.

Answer 34

Planning exercise program for cancer.

Question 35

Exercise with diabetes patients is used to treat the symptoms of _____.

Answer 35

Hyperglycaemia

Question 36

Around 90% are ____.

Answer 36

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 37

Improve BP, O2 extraction, lower HR, higher SV. Improved blood flow, better delievery of insulin to muscle, cholesterol reduction, improved glucose tolerance, transport, synthesis. Fat loss, decreased insulin resistance, osteoporosis, self-esteem, stress, depression.

Answer 37

Exercise benefits diabetes.

Question 38

Proper footwear, adequate hydration, last meal, last injection. Nephropathy avoid systolic BP of 180 or over.

Answer 38

Exercise precautions for diabetes.

Question 39

1 session per week. Focus on weight loss and maintenance. 3-5 endurance sessions. Use HR and RPE as diabetes can affect HR. Start at 60% of HR max. Walking, non-weight bearing alternatives, resistance.

Answer 39

Exercise guidelines for diabetes.