Geriatric Exercise (Exam 1)

Question 1

Cardiovascular Considerations

Answer 1

Check vitals before, during, and after activity. Warm up and cool down necessary.

Question 2

Cardiovascular Changes

Answer 2

Change in cardiac muscle fibers.
Decrease in cardiovascular system response.
Increase in systolic blood pressure.
Increase in peripheral resistance.
Decreased max heart rate.

Question 3

Pulmonary Changes

Answer 3

Decrease in chest wall compliance.
Decrease in lung elastic recoil.
Increase calcification of the ribs.
Decrease intercostal muscle strength.
Decrease diaphragmatic strength.
Decrease abdominal muscle strength.
Change in spinal curvature.
Vital capacity decreases.
Residual volume increases.
Lung cilia becomes less strong.

Question 4

Pulmonary Considerations

Answer 4

Monitor RR and pattern.
Risk for fractures.
Decrease endurance due to fatigue.
Diminished breathing capacity.
Unable to certain exercises.
Unused air in the lungs.
Prone to infections and dysfunctions (seasons, outside weather, allergens).

Question 5

Cartilage Changes

Answer 5

Deteriorates.
Decreased hydration.
Reduced elasticity.
Increased fibrous growth.

Question 6

Cartilage Considerations

Answer 6

Need more strength around joints to decrease stress.
Shock-absorbing ability is less.
Additional modalities to increase ROM.
Joints may appear larger.

Question 7

Muscle Changes

Answer 7

Atrophy.
Decrease strength.
Decrease mass.

Question 8

Muscle Considerations

Answer 8

Norms of increasing ages will be different.
Girth measurements are not reliable.
PRE (Progressive Resisted Exercises) aimed at the weakness and use appropriate exercises.

Question 9

Skeletal Changes

Answer 9

Decreased calcium.
Decreased circulating levels of Vitamin D.
Decrease bone strength.
Decrease in production of RBC when needed.

Question 10

Skeletal Considerations

Answer 10

Calcium supplements must be taken with exercise.
Vitamin D needed to increase strength.
Weaker bones prone to fractures.
Decrease risk of fall.

Question 11

Touch

Answer 11

Sensitive hot and cold.
Bruise easily.
Not adequate sweat response.

Question 12

Vision

Answer 12

Decrease muscle tone.
Less response to eye movement.
Diminished tear production.
Ability to focus far diminishes.
Glaucoma
Decrease acuity.
Difficulty with colors.

Question 13

Hearing

Answer 13

Talk in low tones.
Speak slow.
Speak loudly.
Alway face patient.

Question 14

Proprioception

Answer 14

Safety must be considered.

Question 15

Vestibular

Answer 15

Lose balance easier.

Incorporate balance into exercises.

Question 16

Taste and Smell

Answer 16

Decreased appetite causes malnutrition.

Question 17

Geriatric Inactivity

Answer 17

“Use it or lose it” Concept