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BIOS 483 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Vestibular system

A

Provides sense of balance and body position

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2
Q

Functions of vestibular system

A
  • control and coordinate movements
  • help maintain tone and posture
  • stabilize images on the retina/fovea when the head moves
  • equilibrium and balance
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3
Q

Labyrinth parts

A
  • semicircular canals (3)
  • utricle
  • saccule
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4
Q

Utricle and saccule function

A

Respond to linear accelerations of the head and static position

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5
Q

Semicircular canals function

A

Respond to rotational accelerations

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6
Q

Hair cells

A

Special sensory receptors of the inner ear; mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

Hair cells in semicircular canal are in

A

Cristae

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8
Q

Hair cells in utricle and saccule are in

A

Maculae

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9
Q

If stererocilia (microvilli) bend towards kinocilium (cilia), there is:

A

Depolarization and NT release

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10
Q

If stereocilia move away from kinocilium, there is:

A

Inhibition or hyperpolarization of the cell

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11
Q

3 fluid (endolymph) filled canals

A
  • anterior (inferior)
  • posterior (superior)
  • horizontal (lateral)
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12
Q

Ampullae

A

Opening of the canal into the utricle

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13
Q

Cupula is displaced by

A

Rotational acceleration

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14
Q

Endolymph and cupula move in:

A

Opposite direction of head rotation; head moves left: endolymph moves to right, left vestibular nerve stimulated, right inhibited

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15
Q

Semicircular canal pairs

A
  • R inferior (posterior) and L superior (anterior)
  • R and L horizontal
  • R superior and L inferior
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16
Q

Information from the right and left is sent to the____ and integrated in ____

A

Vestibular nuclei; CNS

17
Q

Maculae

A

Sensory organ of the saccule and utricle

18
Q

Utricle movement detection

A

Horizontal movement

19
Q

Saccule movement detection

A

Vertical movement

20
Q

Vestibular nuclei

A

Cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve located in the brainstem; 4 on each side

21
Q

Vestibular nuclei projections

A
  • cerebellum
  • spinal cord
  • motor nuclei of extraocular eye muscles in brainstem MLF (medial longitudinal fasciclus)
  • thalamus
22
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls posture and coordinates movement

23
Q

Vestibulospinal pathways

A
  • Descending medial longitudinal fasciculus (medial vestibulospinal tract)
  • vestibulospinal tract (lateral vestibulospinal tract)
24
Q

Descending medial longitudinal fasciculus (medial vestibulospinal tract)

A

Descends to the level of the neck to control head and neck movements

25
Q

Vestibulospinal tract (lateral vestibulospinal tract)

A

Descends entire level of the cord to control ipsilateral posture

26
Q

Cranial nerves involved in extraocular eye muscle movements

A

Occulomotor, trochlear, abducens

27
Q

Motor nuclei of extraocular eye muscles pathway

A

Ascending medial longitudinal fasciculus

28
Q

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

A

Coordinates eye muscles so that the image stays focused on retina/fovea even when head is rotating

29
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

A
  • correlates movements of eyes, face, tongue, neck in relation to vestibular, hearing or visual stimuli
  • ascends to cranial nerves
  • descends to medial vestibulospinal tract
  • projects bilaterally
30
Q

Vestibular nuclei projections to spinal cord (cervical)

A
  • medial vestibulospinal tract or descending part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
  • coordinate head and neck with eyes
31
Q

Vestibular nuclei projections to spinal cord (entire)

A
  • lateral vestibulospinal tract or vestibulospinal tract
  • involuntary control of postural muscles esp extensors
32
Q

Occulomotor nerve (III) motor nuclei projection

A

Somatic motor to medial, inferior, superior rectus and inferior oblique, levator palpebrea superioris

33
Q

Trochlear nerve (IV) motor nuclei projection

A

Somatic motor to superior oblique

34
Q

Abducens nerve (VI) motor nuclei projection

A

Somatic motor to lateral rectus

35
Q

Motor nuclei of extraocular muscles

A

MLF ascending tract carries fibers from the vestibular nuclei to the lower motor neurons of cranial nerves III, IV, VI

BIOS 483 (14 decks)

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