Hindbrain Flashcards
1
Q
Hindbrain functions
A
- respiratory rhythm
- mood
- autonomic functions
- wake/sleep
- motor activity
2
Q
Serotonin (5-HT)
A
- raphe nuclei (dorsal)
- mood
- cognition
- reward
- learning
- memory
- vomiting
- sleep
- thermoregulation
- sex
- feeding
- vasoconstriction
3
Q
Norepinephrine (NE)
A
- catecholamine
- flight or flight
- arousal
- alertness
- vigilance
- formation and retrieval of memory
- focus/attention
- restlessness and anxiety
- heart rate and BP
- reduces blood flow to GI
4
Q
Raphe nuclei functional regions
A
- Medial raphe
- dorsal raphe
5
Q
Raphe nucleus projections
A
- caudal raphe: spinal cord and brainstem
- rostral raphe: higher order brain regions
6
Q
Periacqueductal gray (PAG) functions
A
- analgesia
- defensive behaviors
- reproductive behaviors
- maternal behaviors
7
Q
Locus coeruleus (LC)
A
principal site for production of NE
8
Q
LC projections
A
Projects NE to:
- spinal cord
- brainstem
- cerebellum
- hypothalamus
- thalamic relay nuclei
- amygdala
- telencephalon
- cortex
9
Q
LC functions
A
- arousal/stress
- attention
- creativity
- decision making
- emotions
- posture and balance
10
Q
HPA axis
A
Body’s central stress response
11
Q
HPA axis functions
A
Regulates:
- stress
- digestion
- immune system
- mood
- emotions
- sexuality
- energy storage
- expenditure
12
Q
Cortisol functions
A
- released during stress and low blood sugar
- increase blood sugar
- suppress the immune system
- metabolism of fat, protein and carbs
13
Q
Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH)
A
- projects to posterior pituitary
- secrete oxytocin, vasopressin, CRF/CRH
14
Q
PVH involvement
A
- stress
- appetite
- osmoregulation
15
Q
Nucleus of solitary tract (NTS)
A
- pure sensory nuclei
- fibers from facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve innervate it
