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BIOS 483 > Drugs Of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs Of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Cycle of drug addiction

A
  1. Binge/intoxication
  2. Withdrawal/negative affect
  3. Preoccupation/anticipation
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2
Q

Binge/intoxication brain reward circuitry

A
  • mesolimbic pathway
  • basal ganglia
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3
Q

Binge/intoxication activation

A

Direct and/ or indirect DA activation

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4
Q

Binge/intoxication habit formation

A

Constant DA release can lead to increases in habit formation by basal ganglia alterations

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5
Q

Withdrawal/negative affect circuitry

A

Limbic circuitry
- amygdala
- extended amygdala

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6
Q

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

A
  • flight or fight HPA axis activation
  • stress
  • appetite
  • negative affect
  • withdrawal
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7
Q

Allostasis theory of addiction

A

Process of maintaining apparent reward function stability by changes in brain reward mechanisms

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8
Q

Preoccupation/anticipation circuitry

A

Executive control circuitry:
- prefrontal cortex (PFC)
- hippocampus

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9
Q

Preoccupation/anticipation

A

PFC: go and stop system
- PFC to basal ganglia circuits involved in incentive salience
- Diminished in addicts

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10
Q

Alcohol low doses symptoms

A
  • euphoria
  • analgesic
  • socialbility
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11
Q

Alcohol high doses symptoms

A
  • loss of coordination
  • memory loss
  • unconsciousness
  • death
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12
Q

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A
  • nausea/vomiting
  • negative affect
  • hallucinations
  • delerium tremens
  • death
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13
Q

Benzodiazepines class

A
  • depressant
  • GABAa agonist
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14
Q

Benzodiazepines types

A

Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, alprazolam, zolpidem, clonazepam, lorazepam

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15
Q

Benzodiazepines route of administration

A

Ingestion, inhalation, sublingual

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16
Q

Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms

A
  • sleep disturbances
  • increased tension
  • anxiety
  • panic attacks
  • difficulty concentrating
  • excessive sweating
  • heart palpitations
  • headache
  • muscular stiffness or discomfort
  • cravings
  • hand tremors
  • hallucinations
  • seizures
  • psychosis/psychotic reactions
  • increased risk of suicidal ideation
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17
Q

Marijuana class

A
  • depressant
  • hallucinogen
  • stimulant
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18
Q

Marijuana mechanism of action

A
  • lipid soluble
  • binds to CB receptor widespread
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19
Q

Marijuana effects

A
  • relaxation
  • eye reddening
  • mouth dryness
  • reduction or increases in anxiety/panic
  • hunger
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20
Q

Marijuana routes of administration

A
  • smoking
  • vaping
  • food
  • extract
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21
Q

Cocaine class

A
  • stimulant
  • DAT transporter (mesolimbic pathway)
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22
Q

Cocaine low doses symptoms

A
  • intense euphoria
  • sexual arousal
  • sweating
  • increased HR
  • increased BT
23
Q

Cocaine high doses

A
  • fornication
  • high blood pressure
  • heart attack
24
Q

Cocaine route of administration

A
  • intranasally
  • IV
25
Q

Crack class

A
  • stimulant
  • blocks DAT transporter (mesolimbic pathway)
26
Q

Crack effects

A
  • Euphoria
  • increased HR
  • increased BT
27
Q

Amphetamine class

A

stimulant

28
Q

Amphetamine mechanism of action

A

Increase release of DA, NE, 5-HT, (mesolimbic pathway)

29
Q

Amphetamine types

A
  • Methyphenidate
  • benzedrine
30
Q

Amphetamine effects

A
  • alert
  • energetic
  • focused
  • cognitive enhancer
  • increased sex drive
31
Q

Amphetamines routes of administration

A
  • Ingestion
  • inhalation
  • IV
32
Q

Methamphetamine class

A

Stimulant

33
Q

Methamphetamine mechanism of action

A

Increased DA and glutamate release (mesolimbic pathway)

34
Q

Methamphetamine low dose effects

A
  • euphoria
  • intense sex drive
  • energy
35
Q

Methamphetamine high dose effects

A
  • psychosis
  • seizures
  • bleeding in the brain
  • meth mouth
36
Q

Methamphetamine routes of administration

A
  • inhalation
  • IV
37
Q

Types of opiates

A
  • heroin
  • morphine
  • methadone
  • codeine
  • fentanyl
  • oxycontin
38
Q

Opiates mechanism of action

A
  • act on opioid receptors (mu)
  • opioid receptors in RMtG
  • shut off GABA drive to DA neurons
  • PAG
39
Q

Opiates effects

A
  • analgesic
  • euphoria
  • dry mouth
  • respiratory depression
  • constipation
  • warm flush
40
Q

Opiates route of administration

A
  • inhalation
  • ingestion
  • IV
41
Q

Heroin class

A

Synthetic opiate

42
Q

Heroin effects

A
  • intense euphoria
  • respiratory depression
  • alert and drowsy state
  • constricted pupils
43
Q

Heroin route of administration

A
  • IV
  • inhalation
  • smoked
44
Q

Psilocybin mechanism of action

A

5HT2A agonist

45
Q

Psilocybin effects

A
  • euphoria
  • hallucinations
  • distorted sense of time
  • serene spirituality
  • nausea
  • panic attacks
46
Q

Lysergic acid effects

A
  • visual hallucinations
  • illusions
  • ego death
  • suicide ideation
  • pupil dilation
  • sweating
47
Q

MDMA mechanism of action

A
  • massive release of 5-HT
  • some NE, oxytocin
48
Q

MDMA effects

A
  • intense euphoria
  • intense sociability
  • dilated pupils
  • emotionality
  • enhanced sensation, touch, sexuality
  • sweating
  • increased BT
  • teeth grinding
49
Q

MDMA route of administration

A
  • inhalation
  • ingestion
50
Q

Ketamine class

A

Dissociative anesthetic

51
Q

Ketamine mechanism of action

A

Glutamate agonist

52
Q

Ketamine effects

A
  • trance-like state
  • hallucinations
  • amnesia
  • respiratory depression
53
Q

Ketamine routes of administration

A
  • inhalation
  • IV
  • ingestion

BIOS 483 (14 decks)

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