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BIOS 483 > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic system functions

A
  • emotion
  • learning
  • memory
  • motivation
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2
Q

Limbic system structures

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • entorhinal cortex
  • stria terminalis
  • fornix
  • septum
  • olfactory bulb
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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Sends response to the cortex (to implement behavior and mood) and to the autonomic nervous system (to implement the visceral response)

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4
Q

Thalamus functions

A
  • affective behavior
  • decision making
  • judgement
  • memory
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5
Q

Mamillary bodies

A

Brainstem nuclei on the posterior/inferior aspect of the hypothalamus (anterior arches of the fornix)

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6
Q

Mamillary bodies inputs

A
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
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7
Q

Mamillary bodies outputs

A
  • thalamus
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8
Q

Mamillary bodies functions

A
  • spatial memory
  • recollective memory
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9
Q

Mamillary bodies damage

A
  • amnesia
  • wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
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10
Q

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

A
  • Caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
  • amnesia
  • inability to form new memories
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11
Q

Hippocampus involvement

A
  • declarative memory (facts and episodic memory)
  • navigation
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12
Q

Hippocampal connections

A

Direct connection between the hippocampus and the frontal lobe in both directions, important for working memory

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13
Q

Hippocampal output

A

Output to the adjacent temporal lobe which helps to store long-term memories

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14
Q

Fornix role

A

Transmit information from the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies and to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus

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15
Q

Entorhinal cortex (EC) functions

A
  • declarative memory
  • spatial memories
  • processes eye and ear stimuli
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16
Q

EC damage

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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17
Q

Olfaction functions

A
  • odor warning: escape predator or threat
  • odor motivation: move towards food or male
  • memory recall
18
Q

Olfactory bulb connections

A

Amygdala via piriform cortex

19
Q

Olfactory bulb inputs

A

10 million olfactory neurons to glomeruli in OB

20
Q

Olfactory bulb outputs

A
  • amygdala
  • orbitofrontal cortex
  • hippocampus
21
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Processes emotions including fear
  • located in medial temporal lobe anterior to the hippocampus
22
Q

Amygdala nuclei

A

Multiple interconnected nuclei within temporal lobe:
- basolateral
- lateral
- central
- basal
- medial nucleus

23
Q

Amygdala consists of:

A
  • glutamatergic pyramidal cells
  • GABAergic interneurons
  • GABAergic projection neurons
  • corticotropin releasing factor
  • neuropeptide Y
  • Dynonorphin
24
Q

Lateral amygdala (LA) anatomy

A
  • glutamatergic pyramidal cells (primarily)
  • GABA interneurons
25
LA inputs
- sensory thalamus - cortex
26
LA outputs
- basolateral amygdala - central amygdala
27
LA role
Initiation of fear CS-US learning AKA pavlovian fear
28
Basolateral amygdala (BLA) anatomy
- pyramidal glutamate neurons - GABA interneurons
29
BLA inputs
- lateral amygdala - VTA
30
BLA outputs
central amygdala (CeA)
31
BLA to CeA circuit
Main circuit for emotional arousal
32
BLA functions
- fear response - consolidation of fear memories - pain memories
33
Central amygdala (CeA)
- major output of the nucleus of the amygdala - modulates negative affect
34
CeA anatomy
Neuropeptides (CRF, NPY, dynorphin)
35
CeA involvement
Involved in mechanisms of drug intake and withdrawal
36
Amygdala fear circuit
Neural system for processing fearful and threatening stimuli including detection of threat and activation of appropriate fear-related behaviors in response to threatening or dangerous stimuli
37
Extended amgydala
A continuum of neural tissue from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the shell of the nucleus accumbens
38
Extended amygdala involvement
Involved with emotional regulation, stress, fear, reward, drug and alcohol use disorder
39
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)
- part of extended amygdala - comprised of different subnuclei - sexually dimporphic - located ventrally in the basal forebrain between the nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus - extremely heterogenous
40
BNST input
Input from BLA and CeA
41
BNST anatomy
- glutamatergic cells - GABAergic projection cells - GABAergic interneurons - plethora of peptides
42
BNST function
- stress - fear - anxiety - addiction - gender identity

BIOS 483 (14 decks)

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