vestibular disorders lecture 12 Flashcards
what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) displaced into semicircular canals
what are the symptoms of BPPV
brief SECONDS TO MINUTES intense rotational vertigo
no hearing loss
nystagmus
nausea common
what is vestibular migraine
cortical spreading depression affecting vestibular pathways
neurotransmitter imbalance
what are the symptoms of vestibular migraine
episodic vertigo/dizziness lasting MINUTES TO DAYS
visual motion sensitivity
photophobia and phonophobia
nausea
who are at risk for vestibular migraine
women childbearing age
family history of migraine
history of motion sensitivity
ages 30-50
what is vestibular neuritis
viral infection and usually affects the vestibular nerve unilaterally
what are the symtoms of vestibular neuritis
dizziness/vertigo
nausea
vomiting
how long does symptom resolve for vestibular neuritis
6 weeks to 3 months
what is labyrinthitis
inflammation of the membranous labyrinth
(T/F) for labyrinthitis, causes both inflammation to BOTH branches of CN8
true
what is bilateral vestibular hypofunction
damage to both vestibular systems from OTOTOXICITY
what are the symptoms of bilateral vestibular hypofunction
oscillopsia with head movement
imbalance worse in DARKNESS
difficulty to walk on uneven surfaces
no true vertigo/spinning
visual dependence
what is menieres disease
abnormal endolymph fluid pressure
what are the symptoms of menieres disease
recurrent episodes of vertigo lasting HOURS
***HEARING LOSS **
tinnitus
AURAL fullness
vertigo
what is superior canal dehiscence
bone defect in superior semicircular canal creating a “third window”
what are the symptoms of superior canal dehiscence syndrome
sound/pressure induced vertigo
dizziness with loud sounds
hearing one’s own voice loudly
pulsatile tinnitus
conductive hearing loss
what is perilymphatic fistula
perilymph to leak from inner ear into the middle ear
- this leakage disrupts the normal pressure dynamics of inner ear affectiong the vestibular and auditory system
who are at risk for perilymphatic fistula
post barotrauma (flying, diving)
traumatic head injury
weightlifters
wind musicians
what are the symptoms of perilymphatic fistula
pressure/exertion induced
FLUCTUATING hearing loss
sound sensitivity
disequilibrium
symptoms worsen w/ VALSALVA
what is acoustic neuroma
benign tumor of the vestibular nerve
what are the symptoms of acoustic neuroma
UNILATERAL SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
constant mild IMBALANCE rather than vertigo
tinnitus
facial numbness/weakness
feeling of fullness in the affected ear
what are the typical courses for acoustic neuroma
slow growing 1-2mm/year
progressive symptoms
treatment: observation, radiation, or surgery
permanent unilateral vestibular loss
what is mal de debarquement syndrome
persistent sensation of rocking/motion after passive motion exposure
what are the symptoms of mal de debarquement syndrome
constant rocking/swaying/bobbing sensation
symptoms improve with passive motion
no true spinning vertigo
NORMAL VESTIBULAR TESTS
