Vessels Flashcards
1
Q
3 arteries branching off the aorta
A
- ) brachiocephalic
- ) left common carotid
- ) left subclavian
2
Q
arteries branching off brachiocephalic artery
A
- ) right common carotid
2. ) right subclavian
3
Q
common carotid arteries
A
- one on each side- R from brachiocephalic; L independently
- arise from brachiocephalic
- travel anterolateral up neck, along trachea
- branch into internal/external carotids
4
Q
internal carotids
A
- arise from common carotid
- pass medial to angle of mandible and enter brain thru carotid canal
- supplies orbits and 80% of cerebellum
- gives rise to
1. ) ophthalmic a.
2. ) anterior cerebral a.
3. ) middle cerebral a.
5
Q
external carotids
A
- arise from common carotid
- ascends the side of head external to cranium and supplies superficial regions of head
- gives rise to
1. ) superior thyroid artery
2. ) lingual artery
3. ) facial artery
4. ) occipital artery
5. ) maxillary a.
6. ) superficial temporal a.
6
Q
superior thyroid a.
A
- external carotid
- to thyroid gland and larynx
7
Q
lingual a.
A
- external carotid
- to tongue
8
Q
facial artery
A
- external carotid
- to skin and face muscle
9
Q
occipital artery
A
- external carotid
- to posterior scalp
10
Q
maxillary a.
A
- external carotid
- to teeth, maxilla, oral cavity, external ear
11
Q
superficial temporal a.
A
- external carotid
- to chewing muscles, nasal cavity, lateral aspect of face, most of scalp, and dura mater
12
Q
ophthalmic artery
A
- internal carotid
- to orbit, nose, forehead
13
Q
anterior cerebral artery
A
- internal carotid
- to medial aspect cerebral hemisphere
14
Q
middle cerebral artery
A
- internal carotid
- travels in lateral sulcus of brain
- supply sulcus and branches supply regions of frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes
15
Q
vertebral arteries
A
- arise from R and L subclavian arteries
- travel up neck through transverse foramina (C1-6)
- enter cranial cavity thru foramen magnum
- converge to form basilar artery at anterior brainstem
16
Q
basilar artery
A
- arises from converging of vertebral arteries at anterior of brainstem
- branches supply cerebellum, pons, and inner ear
- at pons midbrain junction, divides and flows into cerebral arterial circle
17
Q
cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)
A
- surrounds pituitary gland and optic chiasm
- receives blood from internal carotid and basilar arteries
- most people lack some of its components
- crucial for understanding blood clots, aneurysms, stroke, and brain function
18
Q
cerebral arterial circle components
A
- ) two posterior cerebral arteries
- ) two anterior cerebral arteries
- ) single anterior communicating artery
- ) two posterior communicating arteries
19
Q
posterior cerebral arteries
A
- arise from basilar artery and sweep posteriorally to rear of brain
- blood supply for inferior and medial regions of temporal and occipital lobes
- blood supply for midbrain and thalamus
20
Q
anterior cerebral arteries
A
- arise from internal carotids
- travel anteriorly
- arch posteriorly over corpus callosum as far as parietal lobe
- give off branches to parietal and frontal lobe
21
Q
anterior communicating artery
A
-short anastomosis between R and L anterior cerebral arteries
22
Q
posterior communicating arteries
A
-small anastomoses between posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries
23
Q
major veins of neck
A
- 3 on each side
1. ) internal jugular
2. ) external jugular
3. ) vertebral vein - responsible for draining head and neck
- all empty into subclavian vein
24
Q
internal jugular vein
A
- receives most of blood into brain
- travels deep to sternocleidomastoid
- picks up blood from facial v, superficial temporal v, and superior thyroid v
25
external jugular vein
- travels superficial to sternocleidomastoid
| - drains branches from salivary gland v, facial muscle v, scalp v,
26
vertebral vein
- travels in transverse foramina
- does NOT come from brain
- drains cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and small deep muscles of neck
27
celiac trunk
- median branch off the abdominal aorta, just below diaphragm
- supplies upper abdominal viscera
- numerous anastomoses and branches
- immediately gives rise to
1. ) common hepatic a.
2. ) left gastric a.
3. ) splenic a.
28
common hepatic artery
- arises from celiac trunk
- gives rise to
1. ) gastroduodenal a.
2. ) hepatic a. proper
29
gastroduodenal artery
- arises from common hepatic a.
- branches into R gastro-omental to stomach
- continues as pancreaticoduodenal a.
30
pancreaticoduodenal artery
- arises from gastroduodenal artery
- splits into two branches that travel anteriorly and posteriorly around head of pancreas
- rejoined inferiorly via inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
31
hepatic artery proper
- ascends toward liver
- gives off R gastric artery
- then branches into R/L hepatic aa.
32
right hepatic artery
- gives rise to cystic artery to gallbladder
| - then enters inferior part of liver adjacent to L hepatic artery
33
L gastric artery
- supplies stomach and lower esophagus
| - arcs around lesser curvature (medial) of stomach and anastomoses w/ R gastric a.
34
splenic artery
- supplies blood to spleen
- gives off branches on the way to speen
1. ) pancreatic aa.
2. ) L gastro-omental a.
3. ) short gastric aa.
35
pancreatic aa.
-supply pancreas
36
L gastro-omental a.
- arcs around greater curvature (inferior) of stomach
- anastomoses w/ L gastro-omental a.
- both supply blood to stomach and omentum
37
omentum
-fatty membrane suspended from greater curvature of stomach
38
short gastric arteries
-supply upper portion of stomach
39
mesentery
- translucent sheet that suspends intestines and other abdominal viscera from the posterior body wall
- contains many veins, arteries, and lymphatic vessels that supply and drain into intestines
40
atrial supply of mesentery
-arises from superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
41
anastomoses between superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
-many in order to ensure that blood keeps flowing to intestines even if one way is obstructed
42
superior mesenteric artery
- arises medially from abdominal aorta
- most significant intestinal blood supply
- serves most of s. intestine and proximal half l. intestine
- branches into
1. ) inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
2. ) 12 jejunal and lileal aa.
3. ) ileocolic a.
4. ) right colic a.
5. ) middle colic a.
43
jejunal/ileal arteries
-form fan-like array that supplies nearly all of small intestine (jejunum and ileum)
44
ileocolic artery
-supplies ileum, appendix, cecum, and ascending colon
45
right colic artery
-supplies ascending colon
46
middle colic artery
-supplies most of transverse colon
47
inferior mesenteric artery
- arises from lower abdominal aorta
- supplies distal part of l. intestine
- branches into
1. ) L colic a.
2. ) sigmoid aa.
3. ) superior rectal a
48
left colic artery
- arises from inf. mesenteric a.
| - supplies transverse descending colon
49
sigmoid arteries
- arises from inf. mesenteric a.
| - supply descending and sigmoid colon
50
superior rectal artery
- arises from inf. mesenteric a.
| - supplies rectum
51
common iliac arteries
- two arises from abdominal aorta
| - at sacroiliac joint, each divides into external/internal iliac a.
52
external iliac artery
-supplies mainly the lower limb
53
internal iliac artery
- supplies pelvic wall and viscera
| - divides into anterior and posterior trunks
54
superior vesical artery
- arises from anterior trunk via umbilical artery
| - supplies urinary bladder and ureter
55
inferior vesical artery
- arises from anterior trunk
| - in men, supplies bladder, ureter, prostate, seminal vesicle
56
vaginal artery
- inferior vesical artery of women
| - supplies vagina, bladder, rectum
57
middle rectal artery
- arises from anterior trunk
| - supplies rectum
58
obturator artery
- arises from anterior trunk
| - exits pelvic cavity through obturator foramen and supplies adductor muscles of medial thigh
59
internal pudendal artery
- arises from anterior trunk
- supplies tissue of penis and clitoris
- supplies blood during sexual arousal
60
uterine artery
- arises from anterior trunk
- supplies uterus and vagina and ovary
- travels laterally up uterine tube
- anastomoses w/ ovarian artery
61
inferior gluteal artery
- arises from anterior trunk
| - supplies gluteal muscles and hip joint
62
iliolumbar artery
- arises from posterior trunk
| - supplies lumbar body wall and pelvic bones
63
lateral sacral arteries
- arise from posterior trunk
- supplie sacral canal, skin and muscles posterior to sacrum
- usually have two (inf/sup)
64
superior gluteal artery
- arises from posterior trunk
| - supplies skin and muscle of gluteal region and pelvic wall
65
inferior vena cava
- largest blood vessel
- arises from union of L and R common iliac vv.
- retroperitoneal and R of aorta
- drain much of lower body
- does NOT receive any thoracic drainage
66
internal iliac veins
- drain gluteal muscles, medial thigh, urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, vas deferens, vagina
- unites with external iliac vv and gives rise to common iliac vv
67
gonadal veins
- drain gonads
- L empties into L renal v
- R empties into IVC
68
renal veins
- drain kidneys into IVC
- L longer b/c IVC more on R side of body
- L also receives blood from L gonadal and suprarenal vv
69
suprarenal veins
- drain adrenal glands
- R directly into IVC
- L drains into L renal v
70
inferior phrenic veins
-drain inferior diaphragm into IVC
71
hepatic veins
-drain liver into IVC
72
ascending lumbar veins
- receive blood from common iliac veins
| - anastomoses w/ IVC as they ascend to diaphragm
73
hepatic portal system
- receives all of the blood draining from abdominal digestive tract, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen
- "portal system" b/c blood passes through 2 capillary beds (intestine -> liver) before returning to heart
- liver gets first dibs at nutrients
- also allows liver to detoxify blood
74
inferior mesenteric vein
- hepatic portal system
- receives blood from rectum and distal colon
- converges like fan in mesentery
- empties into splenic vein
75
superior mesenteric vein
- hepatic portal system
- receives blood from s. intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon, and stomach
- fan in mesentery
- joins splenic vein to give rise to hepatic portal vein
76
splenic vein
- hepatic portal system
- drains spleen
- travels across abdominal cavity to liver- picks up pancreatic vv and inf. mes v
- meets up w/ superior mes. v to give rise to hepatic portal vein
77
hepatic portal vein
- arises from convergence of splenic and sup. mes. vv
- travels up toward liver, picking up cystic v. from gallbladder
- enters inferior surface of liver and leads to numerous sinusoids
78
sinusoids
-empty into hepatic veins, which drain liver and empty into IVC
79
gastric veins
- hepatic portal system
- L & R
- arc around lesser curvature of stomach
- empty into hepatic portal vein
80
brachiocephalic trunk
- arises from aortic arch
- gives rise to R & L common carotid artery
- gives rise to R subclavian artery
81
left subclavian artery
- arises directly from aortic arch
| - in shoulder gives rise to branches of thoracic wall and viscera
82
R subclavian artery
- arises from brachiocephalic trunk
| - in shoulder gives rise to branches of thoracic wall and viscera
83
axillary artery
- arises from R. subclavian a
| - at neck of humerus changes into brachial artery and gives off circumflex humeral arteries
84
circumflex humeral arteries
- encircle humerus
- anatomose w/ each other laterally
- supply glenohumeral joint and deltoid
85
brachial artery
- name change of axillary artery
- gives off superior ulnar collateral a.
- just distal to elbow gives rise to radial and ulnar arteries
- supplies anterior flexor muscles and brachium
- most common site for BP
86
deep brachial artery
- arises from proximal end of brachial
- supplies humerus and triceps brachii
- midway down arm name change to radial collateral a.
87
radial collateral artery
- lateral
| - empties into radial artery distal to elbow
88
superior ulnar collateral artery
- arises midway down brachial a.
- medial
- empties into ulnar artery, distal to elbow
89
radial artery
- arises from brachial artery
- lateral
- pulse at thumb
90
ulnar artery
- arises from brachial artery
| - medially
91
interosseous arteries
-between radius and ulna
92
deep palmar arch
- arises by anatomosis of radial and ulnar arteries at wrist
| - fed mainly by radial artery
93
superficial palmar arch
- arises by anatomosis of radial and ulnar arteries at wrist
| - fed mainly by ulnar artery
94
veins of upper limb
-ultimately lead to axillary and subclavian veins
95
Superficial veins of upper limb
- often visible
| - carry more blood than deep veins
96
dorsal venous network
- superficial
- plexus of veins on back of hand
- empties into cephalic and basilic veins
97
cephalic vein
- superficial
- arises from lateral side of dorsal venous network
- travels up lateral side of arm
- joins with axillary vein at shoulder
- IV fluids administered through distal end
98
basilic vein
- superficial
- arises from medial side of dorsal venous network
- travels up posterior side of forearm and inot arm
- midway up arm goes deeper and joins brachial vein at axilla
99
median cubital vein
- superficial
- short anastomosis between cephalic and basilic veins
- obliquely crosses cubital fossa (anterior elbow)
- most common site for drawing blood
100
median antebrachial vein
- superficial
- drains superficial palmar venous network in hand
- travels up medial forearm and terminates at elbow
- various emptying into basilic vein, median cubital vein, or cephalic vein
101
deep and superficial venous palmar arches
- deep veins
- receive blood from fingers and palmar region
- anastomoses that join radial and ulnar veins
102
radial veins
- deep
- arise from lateral side of palmar arches
- travel up forearm alongside radius
- converge and give rise to brachial veins at elbow
103
ulnar veins
- deep
- -arise from medial side of palmar arches
- travel up forearm alongside ulna
- converge and give rise to brachial vein at elbow
104
brachial veins
- deep
- travel up brachium, flanking brachial artery
- converge into a single vein just before the axillary region
105
axillary vein
- deep
- formed by union of brachial an basilic veins
- begins at lower margin of teres major muscle and
- passes through axillary region, picking up cephalic vein
- changes name to subclavian vein at lateral margin of first rib
106
subclavian vein
- deep
- continues into shoulder posterior to clavicle and ends where it meets the internal jugular vein of neck
- in neck becomes brachiocephalic vein
- brachiocephalics (from each side) converge and form superior vena cava, which empties into the R atrium
107
external iliac artery
- arises from common iliac aa.
- supplies lower limb
- sends branches to abdominal wall and plevis
- passes behind inguinal ligament and becomes femoral artery
108
femoral artery
- continuation of external iliac a
- gives off small arteries to skin
- branches into deep femoral and circumflex femoral aa.
109
deep femoral artery
- arises from lateral side femoral a.
- largest branch of femoral a.
- supplies thigh muscles
- gives rise to circumflex femoral aa.
110
circumflex femoral arteries
- arise from deep femoral a.
- encircle head of femur
- anastosome laterally
- supply femur/hip joint and hamstring
111
popliteal artery
- continuation of femoral a. in popliteal fossa at rear of knee
- begins where femoral a. emerges from adductor hiatus
- as passes thru popliteal fossa gives off genicular arteries
- ends where it splits and gives rise to anterior and posterior tibial arteries
112
adductor hiatus
-opening in tendon of adductor magnus muscle
113
genicular arteries
- arise from popliteal artery
| - supply knee joint
114
anterior tibial artery
- arises from popliteal artery
- penetrates through interosseous membrane of leg to the anterior
- travels lateral to tibia
- supplies extensor muscles
- at ankle gives rise to dorsal arteries of foot
115
dorsal pedal artery
- arises from ant. tib a.
- transverses upper and medial surface of foot
- gives rise to arcuate a.
116
arcuate artery
- arises from dorsal pedal a.
- sweeps across foot from medial to lateral
- gives rise to vessels that supply toes
117
posterior tibial artery
- continuation of popliteal a.
- passes deep into posterior leg
- supplies flexor muscles
- passes behind medial malleolus of angle and into plantar region of foot
118
medial and lateral plantar arteries
- arise from posterior tibial a. at ankle
- medial supplies big toe
- lateral sweeps across sole of foot and becomes deep plantar arch
119
deep plantar arch
- arises from lateral plantar a.
| - gives rise to arteries of toes
120
fibular (peroneal) artery
- arises from proximal end of posterior tibial a. near knee
- descends laterally and posteriorly
- ends in network of arteries at heel
121
veins of lower limb
-drainage from toes to IVC
122
dorsal venous arch
- superficial vein
- collects blood from toes and proximal foot
- gives rise to small and great saphenous
123
small (short) saphenous vein
- superficial
- arises from lateral side of dorsal venous arch
- at knee drains into popliteal vein
124
great (long) saphenous vein
- superficial
- longest vein in body
- arises from medial dorsal venous arch
- travels all the way up leg into inguinal region
- empties into femoral vein
- site for long term IV
- good draw site for infants and people in shock
- portions used in coronary bypass surgery
125
deep plantar venous arch
- receives blood from toes
| - gives rise to medial and lateral plantar veins
126
lateral plantar vein
- arises from deep plantar venous arch
- gives off fibular veins
- crosses to medial side to medial malleolus of ankle and continues up leg w/ medial plantar v. as pair of posterior tibial veins
127
posterior tibial veins
- deep in calf muscle
- arise from lateral and medial plantar veins
- converge into one about 2/3 up tibia
128
fibular (peroneal) veins (2)
- deep
- ascend up posterior of leg
- converge into one about 2/3 up tibia
129
popliteal vein
- deep
- arises at knee from convergence of tibial and fibular vein convergences
- passes through popliteal fossa at back of knee
130
anterior tibial veins (2)
- deep
- arise from medial dorsal venous arch
- travel up anterior leg between tibia and fibula
- converge distal to knee
- flow into popliteal vein
131
femoral vein
- deep
- continuation of popliteal vein into thigh
- drains blood from thigh and femur
132
deep femoral vein
- drains femur and thigh
- receives 4 principle tributaries along shaft of femur
- receives pair of circumflex femoral veins
- drains into upper femoral vein
133
external iliac artery
- deep
| - arises from union of femoral and great saphenous veins near inguinal ligament
134
internal iliac vein
- deep
- follows course of iliac artery
- tributaries drain gluteal muscles, medial thigh, urinary bladder, rectum, prostate, ductus deferens, uterus, vagina
135
common iliac vein
- deep
- formed by union of eternal and internal iliac vv.
- R & L common illiac veins unite to form IVC
